东北中朝俄边境地区蜱的生态及防制对策研究

目的调查东北中朝俄边境地区蜱的种类、生态,制定防制措施。方法采用人工布旗小时法和牛诱法采集蜱。结果在东北中朝俄边境地区7县、市采获蜱30 023只,计3属5种。丘陵草地的优势种群为长角血蜱(99.7%);针阔混交林为嗜群血蜱(69.5%);灌丛、林缘和阔叶林均为森林革蜱,分别占96.1%,85.1%和41.2%。不同月份的蜱种组成有所不同。5种蜱的活动时间,嗜群血蜱13旬,日本血蜱12旬,长角血蜱10旬,全沟硬蜱10旬,森林革蜱8旬;高峰期,森林革蜱在5月上旬,全沟硬蜱和日本血蜱均在5月下旬,长角血蜱在6月中旬,嗜群血蜱在6月下旬。结论为东北中朝俄边境地区蜱的生态和防制提供了依据。

Study on ecology and control countermeasures of ticks in frontiers of Russia, Korea and northeast China

Objective To study the species and ecology of ticks,and work out control measures in frontiers of Russia,Korea and Northeast China.Methods Collecting ticks by dragging a blanket over the vegetation on the ground,and collecting on the cows.Results 30 023 ticks belonged to 3 genera 5 species.The predominant species were Haemaphysalis longicornis(99.7%) in the hilly lands,and H.concinna(69.5%)in the conifer-broadleaf woods.The predominance of 3 habitats were Dermacentor silvarum,of which in the shrubberies for D.silvarum(96.1),in the woodsides for D.silvarum(85.1%),and in the broadleaf woods for D.silvarum(41.2%).The species composition of ticks varied with different months.The active duration of 5 species were 130 days for H.concinna,120 days for H.japonica,100 days for H.longicornis,100 days for Ixodes persulcatus,and 80 days for D.silvarum.During active seasons,everyone had only one peak in 5 species,of which in the front ten-days of May for D.silvarum,in the late ten-days of May for I.persulcatus and H.japonica,in the middle ten-days of June for H.longicornis,and in the late ten-days of June for H.concinna.Conclusion Basis on ecology and control measures in frontiers of Russia,Korea and Northeast China were provided.