儿童早期语言发育迟缓的影响因素分析

目的 分析儿童语言发育迟缓的影响因素,为儿童语言发育迟缓的早期干预提供参考依据。方法 选择2016年10月-2017年6月广州城区248名1～6岁儿童,其中语言发育迟缓儿童124名(病例组),语言发育正常儿童124名(对照组)。采用病例对照方法对家长进行问卷调查,分析探讨家庭环境、出生情况、行为与语言发育的相关性。语言评定方法应用S-S评定法。结果 在调查的儿童中,Logistic逐步回归分析显示具有统计学意义的危险因素7项,分别为隔代抚养(OR=3.391,95%CI:1.654～6.951)、母亲文化程度低(OR=5.186,95%CI:2.245～11.981)、教语言用有声电子玩具或读物(OR=2.070,95%CI:1.122～3.817)、屏幕接触时间每天超过1 h如看电视(OR=2.305,95%CI:1.245～4.267)、看手机或IPAD(OR=3.246,95%CI:1.277～8.248)、出生有高危因素(OR=2.253,95%CI:1.084～4.680)及孕期高危因素(OR=2.575,95%CI:1.129～5.873)。结论 家庭环境、教养方式、屏幕时间对儿童早期语言发育的影响不容忽视,良好的环境、科学的养育观念可预防儿童语言发育迟缓。

Analysis on the influencing for language development delay in children

Objective To explore the influencing factors for children with language development delay,in order to provide reference for preventing language development delay. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 248 children aged 1 to 6 years by questionnaire survey from October 2016 to June 2017,including 124 cases with language development delay and 124 normal control. The correlations between social demographic data,family environment,birth status,behavior and language development were analyzed.The S-S linguistic retardation assessment was adopted. Results Seven risk factors for language development in children were identified by Logistic stepwise regression analysis,including skip-generation raising(OR=3.391,95% CI:1.654-6.951),maternal education under senior high school(OR=5.186,95% CI:2.245-11.981),teaching with audio electronic toys or reading(OR=2.070,95% CI:1.122-3.817),screen time over 1 h/d(watching TV OR=2.305,95% CI:1.245-4.267;mobile phone and IPAD OR=3.246,95%CI:1.277-8.248),high-risk factors at birth(OR=2.253,95% CI:1.084-4.680) and during pregnancy(OR=2.575,95% CI:1.129-5.873). Conclusions The influence of family environment,rearing pattern and being exposed to electronic screen on children's language development should not be ignored.Avoiding risk factors and providing favorable language environment and scientific parenting views may help to prevent language delay in children.