母婴依恋的代际传递性和跨时间的稳定性

目的 探讨母婴依恋的代际传递性和从婴儿期到幼儿期跨时间的一致性和稳定性。 方法 对160对已经采用“陌生情境法”进行了母-婴依恋类型测评的健康母婴对,在儿童的幼儿期:1)采用成人依恋访谈问卷(Adult Attachment Interview Questionnaire,AAIQ)测查母亲自身幼年时期的依恋模式;2)采用儿童行为Q分类法(Waters & Deane's Attachment Q-set,AQS)测评幼儿与其母亲之间的依恋关系。 结果 最终完成随访的母婴对有118对,随访率为73.8%。母亲与婴儿两者依恋类型之间一一对应的总对应率为:63.6%,其中安全型母亲与其婴儿的安全性之间的对应性最高,为86.2%;幼儿期安全型依恋占64.4%,不安全型依恋占35.6%,与婴儿期依恋安全性的分布基本一致。其中,安全型的婴儿中有89.7%在幼儿期仍为安全型;而不安全型的婴儿中有85.0%在幼儿期仍为不安全型,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.569,P>0.05)。 结论 母婴依恋存在代际传递性,母亲自身的依恋模式是影响母婴依恋关系的重要因素之一。儿童依恋存在跨时间跨情境的一致性和稳定性,婴儿依恋类型对幼儿期的依恋安全性有较高的预测效度。

Intergeneration transmission of attachment and the stability from infancy to toddler age

Objective To investigate the intergeneration transmission of attachment between mothers and infants and the stability from infancy to toddler age. Methods The subjects included 160 healthy infant-mother dyads.Infant-mother attachment was assessed with Ainsworth's strange situation strategy;118 infant-mother dyads were followed up in toddler age around 3 years:each mother's attachment to her own mother was assessed with Adult Attachment Interview Questionnaire (AAIQ),while each toddler's attachment was assessed with Attachment Behavior Q-set (ASQ). Results 1) 63.6% of mothers' attachment patterns were consistent with their infants' attachment patterns;The consistency between a secure mother and a secure infant was relatively high,which was 86.2%.2) Of the 118 toddlers,64.4% were rated as securely attached and 35.6% as insecurely attached.The consistency of both secure and insecure attachment from infancy to toddler age was high,which approached to 89.7% and 85.0%,respectively(χ²=0.569,P>0.05). Conclusions 1)There exists intergeneration transmission of attachment between mothers and infants,especially,a secure mother highly predicts a secure infant;2) The security of attachment keeps highly consistent and stable from infancy to toddler age.