合肥市七区2008-2009年儿童血铅水平及其影响因素研究

【目的】 描述2008-2009年合肥市七区儿童血铅水平,分析其影响因素,为儿童血铅防治提供循证依据。 【方法】 应用分层整群抽样方法,2008-2009年选取合肥市七个地区3 394例0～6岁儿童为调查对象,采用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪检测血铅;同时,开展儿童血铅影响因素问卷调查。 【结果】 合肥市0～6岁男童血铅平均水平为(47.06±23.30) μg/L,女童血铅平均水平为(45.09±23.30) μg/L。1～岁组、2～岁组男童血铅平均水平高于其他年龄组;0～岁组、1～岁组、2～岁组女童血铅水平高于其他年龄组;除包河区和高新区外,其余各区及全市2009年血铅水平均较2008年显著降低,且2009年全市儿童铅中毒率较2008年显著降低;父亲从事铅相关职业、住所距主干道≤30 m、户外活动时间>3 h、进食前不洗手等成为影响儿童血铅水平过高的主要危险因素。 【结论】 目前合肥市的儿童血铅水平呈下降趋势,应进一步加强铅中毒危害的宣传教育,对重点人群采取行之有效的干预措施。

Blood lead levels and the related risk factors among children between 2008 and 2009 in Hefei city

【Objective】 To investigate the trend of blood lead level and its related risk factors among children in 2008 and 2009 in Hefei.【Method】 Stratified clustered random sampling was used.A total of 3 394 children of 0~6 years old were investigated in 2008 and 2009,and the specimens were measured by multi-channel BH2100 atomic absorption spectrometry.【Results】 The mean blood lead concentration of the boys and girls were respectively(47.06±23.30) μg/L、(45.09±23.30) μg/L.The blood lead levels of the boys in 1-year old group and 2-year old group both were significantly higher than that in other age groups.The girls in less than 0 age to 2 age groups were significantly higher than that in other age groups.Except Baohe and Gaoxin districts,the blood lead levels of children in other districts were significantly lower in 2009 than in 2008.The incidence of child’s lead poisoning in 2009 was significantly lower than in 2008 overall the city.The following factors might serve as major risk factors related to child’s lead poisoning,such as,father engaged in lead relevant professional,living in nearby highways(less than 30 meters),outdoor activity more than 3 hours,not washing hands before eating,and so on.【Conclusion】 The blood lead levels of children in Hefei presented down a good situation,the publicity and education of poisoning hazards still should be strengthened and effective intervention measures on child also should be concerned and taken in to actions.