南京市学龄前儿童睡眠状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析南京市3~6岁儿童睡眠时间、睡眠障碍发生状况及相关影响因素,为预防和干预儿童睡眠问题提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,应用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(Children's Sleep Habits Qusetionnaire,CSHQ)对1 122名3~6岁儿童进行调查。结果 南京市学龄前儿童平均每天睡眠时间明显低于国内外同年龄段儿童基本需求标准,睡眠时间随年龄增加逐渐减少,不同性别间睡眠时间无显著差别;睡眠问题的发生率为 35.7%。睡眠中多汗的发生率最高,达34%,其他依次为磨牙13.9%,打呼噜10.5%,睡眠辗转不安10.2%,说梦话8.9%,用口呼吸6.4%等;影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有:年龄、家长对儿童的态度及教养方式、家庭类型、睡眠障碍相关症状的存在等;睡眠问题发生的主要影响因素有:性别、儿童健康状况、睡前情绪、儿童睡眠习惯、全天睡眠时间等。结论 南京市学龄前儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠质量差,睡眠问题的发生率较高,应引起社会及家长的重视。造成儿童睡眠时间不足和睡眠问题的因素较多,对其防治还需进一步深入研究。

Analysis of the related factors of sleep disorders for the children of 3~6 years old in Nanjing city.

Objective To analyse the sleep time,the prevalence and the risk factors of sleep disorders in children of 3~6 years old in Nanjing,and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of sleep disorders. Method A total of 1 122 children of children of 3~6 years old were selected by a stratified cluster sampling method from Nanjing city,and the parents were surveyed with Children's Sleep Habits Qusetionnaire(CSHQ). Results The mean of total sleep time of 3~6 years old children were remarkably shorter compared with the typical sleep time of Western children of the same age.Sleep time were gradually reduced with age,and the children's sleep times in one day of eaeh age groups were different remarkly but same for boys and girls.The incidence of sleep disorder was 35.7%,the incidence of hyperhidrosis was 34%,molar teeth 13.9%,sleep snoring 10.5%,restless sleep 10.2%,night talking 8.9%,mouth breathing 6.4%,etc.The main factors that affected the sleep time of children were children's age,parenting style,family pattern and the related symptoms of sleep disorder.The main factors that affected the sleep disorder were gender,health status of children,emotion before sleeping,sleep habit of children and the sleep time in a day,etc. Conclusions The total sleep time of preschool children is relatively less in Nanjing,and the prevalence of sleep disorders is higher compared to the existing data,which should pay a great attention.The concrete methods of prevention and treatment about the disease should be researched in the future.