昭通氟中毒区烘烤辣椒和玉米的砷、硒污染及其在人发中的蓄积

目的 了解昭通氟中毒区燃煤烘烤后的辣椒、玉米中的砷、硒污染状况以及居民头发样本中砷、硒的含量.方法 2005年9月,选择昭通地区A和B两县为氟中毒区,B县中无氟中毒情况发生的C镇为对照区.采集氟中毒区55户农户未经烘烤的鲜玉米、辣椒和燃煤烘烤后的玉米、辣椒,采集氟中毒区41位和对照区24位居民的头发,对这些样本中氟、砷、硒含量进行检测.结果 昭通氟中毒区鲜辣椒的平均砷、硒含量分别为0.034、0.079 mg/kg,烘烤后分别为0.463、1.088 mg/kg;鲜玉米的平均砷、硒含量分别为0.019、0.051 mg/kg,烘烤后分别为0.058、0.085 mg/kg;烘烤前后砷、硒含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).除烘烤后辣椒的硒含量外,其他食物样本砷和硒的含量均在GB 4810-1994<食品中砷限量卫生标准>和GB 13105-1991<食品中硒限量卫生标准>的限量值内.昭通氟中毒区居民头发样本中的砷(1.5 mg/kS)、硒(2.87 mg/kg)含量均高于对照区(砷:0.29 mg/kg,硒:1.28 mg/kg),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 昭通氟中毒区烘烤后的辣椒、玉米存在一定程度的砷、硒污染.硒污染程度要高于砷污染,烘烤辣椒的砷、硒污染程度高于烘烤玉米.烘烤食品引起的砷污染使砷在食用者体内出现了蓄积,但远低于砷中毒的水平;烘烤食品的硒污染为食用者带来了硒元素的有益补充.

Arsenic, Selenium Pollution in Capsicum and Corn Roasted by Coal-combustion in Zhaotong Fluorosis Areas anti the Cumulation in Human Hair

Objective To investigate whether there was arsenic and selenium pollution besides fluorine pollution in the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion in Zhaotong fluorosis areas were collected,and the cumulation in human hair. Methods In September 2005,the capsicum and corn samples were collected before they were roasted and after roasted by coal-combustion,and the hair samples from people living in Zhaotong fluorosis areas were collected,and the fluorine,arsenic and selenium content in these samples were determined. Results The average arsenic and selenium content in the fresh capsicum not roasted by coal-combustion were 0.034 mg/kg and 0.079 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the capsicum roasted by coal-combustion were 0.463 mg/kg and 1.088 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the fresh corn were 0.019 mg/kg and 0.051 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the corn roasted by coal-combustion were 0.058 mg/kg and 0.085 mg/kg respectively. Except for the average selenium content of the capsicum roasted by coal-combustion,others were all within the limits of arsenic and selenium in foods. Conclusion There is not only fluorine pollution in the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion,but also arsenic and selenium pollution. Furthermore,the selenium pollution level was higher than that of arsenic pollution. The arsenic and selenium pollution level in capsicum was higher than that in the corn. Though this arsenic pollution in the capsicum and corn may be harmful for the people living on these capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion to some extent,it was not harmful enough to result in arsenism. Comparing with the arsenic pollution,the selenium pollution in the capsicum and corn may be beneficial for the people eating the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion.