延安市实施新生儿接种乙肝疫苗后预防效果评价

目的评价延安市实施新生儿接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)后取得的预防效果。方法分析全市乙肝发病、HepB接种率和2002、2006年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法进行乙肝血清学的调查资料,采用SPSS 12.0进行整理分析,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 HepB接种率逐年提高,调查接种率由2002年的88.21%上升到2008年的97.18%,HepB1调查及时接种率由2002年的46.67%上升到2008年的93.59%,各年之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=116.78,P<0.01);医院出生新生儿的HepB1及时接种率明显高于在家出生的新生儿;4岁以下儿童乙肝发病率在新生儿实施HepB接种前的2001年为21.50/10万,以后呈逐年下降趋势,到2008年下降到10.05/10万;1～4岁HBsAg阳性率由2002年的3.03%下降到2006年的1.64%,1～4岁抗-HBs阳性率由2002年的14.76%上升到2006年的67.21%。结论全市实施新生儿接种HepB后,4岁以下儿童乙肝发病率和HBsAg阳性率明显下降,抗-HBs阳性率迅速上升,表明延安市新生儿HepB接种工作已取得良好效果。

Evaluation of immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine on newborn in Yan′an city

Objective To evaluate the immunization efficacy of hepatitis B（HB） vaccine on newborn in Yan′an city.Methods We analyzed the dynamic changes of reported hepatitis B cases,coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccination and the data of anti-HBV antibody in 2002 and 2006.Results The reported coverage rate of HB vaccination increased from 88.32% to 97.15% between the year of 2002 and 2008.The confirmed coverage rates of HB vaccination were 46.70% and 93.52% for the year of 2002 and 2008.There was a significant difference between the rates of reported and confirmed vaccination coverage（P〈0.01）.The rate of HB vaccination was higher in children born in hospital than in children born home.The incidence rate of HB decreased from 21.50/100 000 to 10.05/100 000 person-years between the year of 2001 and 2008 for children aged younger than 4 years.The HBsAg positive rate decreased from 3.03% to 1.64% between the year of 2002 and 2006 for children aged 1-4 years.The rate of anti-HBs increased from 14.76% to 67.21% for the period.Conclusion The efficacy of HB vaccination has been increased in newborn children since 2002,which leads to the decrease of HB incidence rate in Yan′an city.