医学生近视程度及其影响因素分析

目的了解医学生视力情况及用眼习惯,分析影响学生视力的主要因素。方法对某医学院校临床医学专业大一、大二学生随机抽取200名进行问卷调查。采用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析,采用秩和检验和spearman秩相关进行统计学处理。结果在发放的200份问卷中,有效问卷183份,其中学生近视率为82.5%(轻度近视占33.9%;中度近视占40.4%,重度近视占8.2%)。父母视力情况不同的学生近视程度有差异(P<0.05),"平时学习时眼睛书本距离"、"平时看书写字姿势"、"是否经常躺着看书玩手机"、"平时学习中是否主动休息"与近视程度相关系数依次为-0.247、-0.150、-0.151和0.256,其相关性差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论正确的用眼姿势,良好的用眼习惯是近视预防和控制的最有效方式。

Myopia and risk factors in medical students

Objective To understand the current status of myopia among medical students and to analyze the related affecting factors.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among randomly selected 200 freshmen and sophomores from a medical university in Beijing.The database was built up using EpiData3.1software and SPSS17.0 was used for the analysis of data.Rank-sum test and Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient test were adopted for statistical analysis.Results A total of 183 students had completed the survey.The overall prevalence of myopia was 82.5%,of which mild,moderate and severe myopia accounting for 33.9%,40.4% and 8.2%,respectively.Heredity and poor habits of using eyes were the relevant factors of myopia（P0.05）.The correlation coefficients of reading distance,reading posture,frequently lying and playing mobile phone and resting eyes when studying with myopia were 0.247,0.150,0.151 and 0.256,and the correlations were statistically significant（P0.05）.Conclusions There is a high prevalence of myopia in medical students.Heredity and environment play an important role in the development of myopia.Appropriate reading habit is supposed to be the most effective way to prevent myopia.