530例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病斑贴试验结果分析

目的探讨皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的变应原，以期更好地诊断与治疗。方法对530例皮炎湿疹类患者进行瑞敏标准变应原系列斑贴试验检测。结果530例患者斑贴试验总阳性率87．2％。变应原阳性率位居前8位的分别是硫酸镍（35-8％）、重铬酸钾（34．9％）、卡巴混合物（31．3％）、芳香混合物（31．1％）、甲醛（15．1％）、硫柳汞（14、3％）、苯唑卡因（13．8％）及对苯类（13．0％）；男女性患者斑贴试验阳性率差异有统计学意义的变应原分别为卡巴混合物（46．8％，26．6％）、硫酸镍（26．6％，37．2％）、黑橡胶混合物（18．5％，10．6％）、对苯类（25．8％，9．1％）、甲醛（16．9％，7．9％）、苯唑卡因（20．2％，11．8％）及硫氢基混合物（11．3％，2．0％）；引起手部及面部皮损差异有统计学意义的变应原分别为甲醛（14．1％，6．1％）、黑橡胶混合物（18．6％，7．1％）、硫柳汞（8．3％，17．3％）。结论硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物是目前引起皮炎湿疹类患者的主要变应原。卡巴混合物、黑橡胶混合物、对苯类、甲醛、苯唑卡因、硫氢基混合物是男性患者的主要变应原，硫酸镍是女性患者的主要变应原。甲醛、黑橡胶混合物主要引起手部皮损，而硫柳汞则主要引起面部皮损。

Patch-test Results of 530 Patients with Dermatitis and Eczema

Objective In order to further dignosis and treatment, we investigated the allergens of dermatitis and eczema. Methods 530 patients were examined with Rui -min standard series patch-test reagent box. Results The whole positive rate of the patch test was 87.2. The first 8 allergens were nickel sulfate(35.8), potassium dichromate(34.9), carba mix(31.3), fragrance mix(31.1), formaldehyde(15.1), nickel sulfate(14.3),benzocaine(13.8) and parabens (13.0);The positive rate of the allergens causing the skin damage in male or in female respectively were carba mix(46.8,26.6), nickel sulfate(26.6,37.2), black rubber mix(18.5,10.6), parabens(25.8,9.1), formaldehyde(16.9,7.9), benzocaine(20.2,11.8) and mercapto mix(11.3,2.0),with statistically significant difference. The positive rate of the allergens in tetter on hand and on face respectively were Formaldehyde(14.1,6.1),Black rubber mix(18.5,7.1)and Merthiolate(8.3,17.3), also with statistically significant difference. Conclusion Nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, carba mix and fragrance mix are the main allergens causing dermatitis and eczema presently. Carba mix, black rubber mix, parabens, formaldehyde, benzocaine and Mercapto mix are the mainly allergens in man, and nickel sulfate in women. Formaldehyde, black rubber mix mainly caused the skin damage on hand, and merthiolate on face.