南方低温雨雪冰冻灾害的疾病负担研究

目的评估低温雨雪冰冻灾害可能造成的健康损失,为采取针对性的预防和减轻措施提供依据。方法收集了我国南方某省CZ市SX区1月13日到2月8日灾害期间主要医疗机构的临床记录,筛查其中死亡、骨折、一氧化碳中毒和心脏病急性发作等病例,并以人口普查资料作为计算本次发生率的分母,对灾害期数据与前两年同期数据进行了比较。结果与2006-2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区的超额死亡率为0.98/10 000,其中循环系统和CO中毒的超额死亡率分别为0.49/10 000和0.35/10 000;与2004-2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区主要与灾害有关的传染病超额发病率为-3.75/100 000;与2007年同期相比,灾害期间被调查地区急救转运病例发生率增加了0.98‰,医疗机构门诊就诊率下降了2.1‰,而急诊科门诊就诊率增加了0.08‰;医疗机构病人住院率下降了0.11‰,而CO中毒和骨折病人住院率分别增加了0.41‰和0.16‰。结论低温雨雪冰冻灾害增加了CO中毒、骨折和循环系统等特殊疾病的死亡率或发病率。有必要采取措施,预防和缓解和寒冷有关的疾病,特别是一氧化碳中毒的发生。

Disease burden after ice and snow disaster in one heavily affected county-southern China,2008

Objective To estimate the disease burden after ice and snow disasters in SX County in Southern China′s one province and to provide the evidence on reducing disease burden during ice and snow disaster.Methods The disaster period was defined as January 13 to February 8,2008.We reviewed hospitalization records in all township and county level hospitals in SX County to identify all deaths,bone fractures,carbon monoxide(CO) poisonings and heart attacks.We compared the data between the disaster period and the same time period during the previous years.Census data were used as the denominator for calculating rates.Results Compared to the average mortality rate of the same period during 2006 and 2007,the total excess mortality rate and circulatory system excess mortality and CO poisoning excess mortality during the disaster were 0.98/10,000 and 0.49/10,000 and 0.35 /10,000 respectively.Compared to the average morbidity rate of the same period during 2004 and 2007,the total excess morbidity rate of infection disease associated with the ice and snow disaster during the disaster was-3.75/100,000.Compared to the average incidence rate of the same period during 2007,the incidence rate of emergency treatment at the survey area during the disaster increased 0.98‰,and the outpatient rate of the medical institutions decreased 2.1‰,and the hospitalization rate of the medical institutions decreased 0.11‰.On the other hand,the outpatient rate of the emergency department of medical institutions increased 0.08‰,the hospitalization rates of fracture patients and circulatory system patients increased 0.41‰ and 0.16‰ respectively.Conclusions The ice and snow disasters contribute to specific increases in morbidity and mortality.Cold weather disaster preparedness should focus on preventing and alleviating specific cold-weather related conditions,particularly CO poisoning.