大气颗粒物污染特征研究

目的探讨并比较不同来源颗粒物的污染特征.方法选择北京和太原的两个采样点,采用TSP-PM10-PM2.5-2型颗粒物分级采样器并配以玻璃纤维滤膜采集大气颗粒物,测定不同季节不同条件下日常及沙尘暴爆发时气溶胶的质量浓度、粒径分布;采用高效液相色谱仪分离并测定沙尘暴及日常气溶胶尤其是细颗粒物中的苯并a]芘,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定细颗粒物上铅的浓度.结果太原和北京的PM10分别为0.401 mg/m3和0.226mg/m3,TSP分别为0.551 mg/m3和0.381 mg/m3,均超过我国空气质量二级标准0.15 mg/m3和0.30mg/m3.太原和北京的PM2.5分别为0.275 mg/m3和0.169 mg/m3,均超过美国EPA细颗粒物空气质量标准0.065 mg/m3.沙尘暴期间和非沙尘暴期间北京的PM2.5分别为0.373 mg/m3和0.165 mg/m3;苯并a]芘浓度分别为1.38 ng/m3和7.7 ng/m3.结论我国北京和太原两城市颗粒物污染严重,沙尘暴爆发时更为严重.

The Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter

Objective To compare the characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter from different source. Methods The samples of particulate matter were collected using a medium-volume sampler.After sampling,the average mass concentration and size distribution of particulate matter were analyzed during dust storm and non-dust storm.The concentration of B(a)P was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.The concentration of Pb was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The average mass concentration of PM10 for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.401 mg/m 3 and 0.226 mg/m 3,respectively.The average mass concentration of TSP for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.551 mg/m 3 and 0.381 mg/m 3,respectively.Those values were more than 0.15 mg/m 3 and 0.30 mg/m 3,respectively,which China EPA enacted in air quality standards of PM10 and TSP.The average mass concentration of PM2.5 for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.275 mg/m 3 and 0.169 mg/m 3,respectively.Those values were more than 0.065 mg/m 3,which US EPA enacted in air quality standards of fine particles.The average mass concentration of PM2.5 for Beijing both dust storm and non-dust storm were 0.373 mg/m 3 and 0.165mg/m 3,respectilely.The averaye concentration of B(a)P were 1.38 ng/m 3 and 7.7 ng/m 3,respectively. Conclusions The air pollution of particulate matter in Taiyuan and Beijing city is very heavy,especially during dust storms.