拉萨市2009-2013年蚊虫种类构成及密度动态研究

目的掌握拉萨市蚊虫种类构成及密度动态，为该市媒介蚊虫及蚊媒传染病监测及防控提供基础数据。方法在拉萨市城区不同方位选取调查点，以诱蚊灯法、人帐诱法及人工小时法捕获蚊类，用形态学和多重PCR方法进行蚊种鉴定。结果拉萨市蚊类包括尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种和骚扰阿蚊，优势蚊种为尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种。2009、2012年人帐诱法总蚊密度分别为19．57和3．06只／（帐·h），不同年份不同调查点蚊密度差异无统计学意义（F_1.1=0．934，P〉0．05）。2009、2012年人工小时法总蚊密度分别为62．10和7．90只／人工小时，不同年份不同调查点蚊密度差异无统计学意义（F_1.1=0．874，P〉0．05）。2012、2013年诱蚊灯法总蚊密度分别为1．47和0．20只／（灯·h）。不同年份不同调查点居民区蚊密度差异亦无统计学意义（F_1.3=1．503，P〉0．05）。2012年诱蚊灯法捕获的105只蚊虫中，经多重PCR鉴定，36只属尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫亚种纯合子（34．29％），69份出现杂交（65．71％）。结论拉萨市存在较稳定尖音库蚊复合组蚊虫，蚊密度相对较低，提示该地区存在蚊虫及蚊媒传染病风险，应对该地区蚊虫及蚊媒传染病开展监测与风险评估，为蚊虫及蚊媒传染病控制提供决策依据。

A survey of species composition and population dynamics of mosquitoes in Lhasa,Tibet, China from 2009 to 2013

Objective To investigate the species composition and population dynamics of mosquitoes in Lhasa, Tibet, China, so as to provide scientific evidence for the surveillance, prevention, and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in this city. Methods Representative research sites were selected based on geographical distributions in Chengguan District in Lhasa. Adult mosquitoes were collected by bed net traps, labor hour method, and light traps in 2009, 2012, and 2013. The trapped mosquitoes were initially identified according to morphological criteria. A proportion of them were examined using a muhiplex PCR assay for species confirmation. Results Mosquitoes in Lhasa comprised the subspecies of Culex pipiens complex and Armigeres subalbatus, with subspecies of Cx. pipiens complex as the dominant species. The mean mosquito density monitored by bed net traps was 19.57 mosquitoes per net-hour in 2009 and 3.06 mosquitoes per net-hour in 2012; there was no significant difference in mosquito density between research sites in different years （F_1.1=0.934, P〉0.05）. The mean mosquito density monitored by labor hour method was 62.10 mosquitoes per person-hour in 2009 and 7.90 mosquitoes per person-hour in 2012; there was no significant difference in mosquito density between research sites in different years （F_1.1=0.874, P〉0.05）. The mean mosquito density monitored by light traps was 1.47 mosquitoes per trap-hour in 2012 and 0.20 mosquitoes per trap-hour in 2013; there was no significant difference in mosquito density between research sites in different years （F_1.3=1.503, P〉0.05）. A hundred and five mosquitoes captured in 2012 were identified by multiplex PCR, of which 36 （34.29%） were homozygous subspecies of Cx. pipiens complex, while 69 （65.71%） were hybrids. Conclusion Mosquitoes of Cx. pipiens complex subspecies are established in Lhasa, and the population density was relatively low in recent years, indicating that the risk of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases exists in Lhasa. Therefore, surveillance and risk assessment should be conducted to provide a basis for decision-making in the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in this region.