重庆市万州及涪陵区潜在鼠疫疫源地调查分析

目的了解三峡库区万州及涪陵区段鼠疫主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类的种类构成、数量分布以及宿主动物感染鼠疫菌的情况,判断当地是否存在鼠疫疫源地。方法采用笼捕法,对捕获鼠类及检获蚤类进行鉴定;计算鼠带蚤率和蚤指数;用间接血凝试验检测鼠疫F1抗体。结果 (1)宿主动物调查,万州区捕获鼠形动物170只,密度为3.20%;涪陵区共捕获鼠形动物303只,密度为5.95%。(2)鼠体蚤指数:万州区共梳理出鼠蚤151匹,染蚤率22.94%,蚤指数0.888;涪陵区共梳理出鼠蚤64匹,染蚤率7.59%,蚤指数0.211。(3)地面游离蚤指数:万州区共布放粘蚤纸3000张,捕获地面蚤5匹,蚤指数0.002;涪陵区共布放粘蚤纸3000张,未捕获地面游离蚤。(4)鼠疫血清学检查:对万州及涪陵区捕获的活体鼠形动物全部进行鼠疫血清抗体检测,结果均为阴性。结论万州及涪陵区虽然未曾发生鼠疫,也不是鼠疫疫源地,但从地理景观、宿主动物、媒介昆虫等方面分析,均存在鼠疫疫源地的条件,有发生鼠疫疫情的可能性。

Investigation of the potential plague foci in Wanzhou and Fuling sections of Chongqing

Objective To understand the species composition and quantitative distribution of the dominant host animals and plague vector fleas, and the infections of host animals with Yersinia pestis in Wanzhou and Fuling sections of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area to determine whether there existed plague foci or not. Methods Rodents captured by cages and fleas collected with sticky papers, were identified with the flea-carrying rate and flea index calculated. The plague F1 antibody from host animals was detected with IHA. Results ( 1 ) Host animals: one hundred and seventy rodents were captured in Wanzhou with a rodent density of 3.20 % and 303 rodents in Fuling with a density of 5.95 % . ( 2 ) Flea index: one hundred fifty-one fleas were caught in Wanzhou with a flea-carrying rate of 22.94 % on rodents, the total flea index being 0.888. Sixty-four fleas were caught in Fuling with a flea-carrying rate of 7.59 % , the total flea index being 0.211. ( 3 ) The free flea index: three thousand sticky papers were placed and 6 fleas were captured in Wanzhou with a total flea index of 0.002. No fleas were captured in Fuling with the same method. ( 4 ) The plague serological examination: in Wanzhou and Fuling sections, no plague F1 antibody was detected. Conclusion Wanzhou and Fuling sections are not plague foci where no plague has occurred, but based on the information of geographical landscape, host animals, vector insects and epidemiological investigation, it is likely that the plague epidemic may occur in the sections.