中国2018年中小学校教学环境卫生现状

目的评价2018年中国中小学校教学环境卫生现状,为制定差异化的干预策略提供支持。方法选取国家2018年卫生计生随机监督抽查中小学校教学环境卫生数据(共37 531所中小学校),计算各项指标合格率。采用Spearman相关系数检验各指标与各省人均国内生产总值(GDP)、人口密度的相关性。结果 2018年中国中小学学校教学环境卫生总体合格率为59.1%。其中,城区学校合格率最高(60.3%),其次为乡村(59.4%)和镇区(56.7%);小学合格率最高(59.8%),其次为初中(58.2%)和高中(51.8%)。不同类别、城乡、省份的学校均在课桌椅配备项合格率最低,在教室学生宿舍通风项合格率最高。课桌椅配备及黑板照度合格率在不同省份间差异较大。人均GDP及人口密度较高的省份课桌椅配备合格率较高。结论 2018年中国中小学校教学环境卫生总体水平较低,教室学生宿舍通风情况较好,课桌椅配备情况较差。应加强对学校教学环境卫生的重视程度,找准突破口,实行差异化管理,改善中小学校教学环境卫生水平。

Evaluation of the teaching environment among the primary and secondary schools in China

Objective To evaluate the current status of the primary and secondary schools’ teaching environment in China and associated factors,and to provide the support for making differentiated interventional stategies. Methods Data regarding to information of the primary and secondary schools was obtained by random inspection from the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2018. Chi-square test was used to compare differences of qualified rates between groups. Spearman correlation analyses was applied to examine the correlations among population density, per capita GDP and qualified rates. Results Among the total of 37 531 schools, the overall qualified rate of teaching environmental sanitation of primary and secondary schools in 2018 was 59.1%. The qualifying rate in urban areas(60.3%) was higher than that of rural areas(59.4%) and towns(56.7%). Primary schools(59.8%) had higher qualifying rates than junior high schools(58.2%) and senior high schools(51.8%). In terms of each evaluation item, the qualifying rates of school furniture equipment including desks and chairs were the lowest, while the qualifying rates of dormitory ventilation ranked highest. Large variations among provinces were observed for the qualifying rates for school furniture equipment, as well as blackboard illumination. Those provinces with higher per capita GDP and higher population density had higher the qualifying rates for school furniture equipment. Conclusion The overall qualifying rate of Chinese primary and secondary schools’ teaching environment is low. Among all the evaluation measures, qualifying rates of dormitory ventilation are relatively good, while school furniture equipment needs to be improved. Notably, strengthened and targeted management should be applied to improve schools’ teaching environment in new era.