中国学校生命安全及健康教育政策注意力演进研究

  目的  研究1987—2022年《教育部工作要点》中生命安全及健康教育的政策注意力配置, 为优化生命安全及健康教育政策提供参考。  方法  运用内容分析法对1987—2022年《教育部工作要点》中生命安全及健康教育相关内容进行编码, 予以量化分析。  结果  中国学校生命安全及健康教育政策注意力可以分为巩固提高阶段(1987—2000年)、改革探索阶段(2001—2012年)、深化完善阶段(2013—2022年)3个阶段, 且注意力强度呈整体上升态势。政府对生命安全及健康教育的政策注意力配置方向偏重于健康行为与生活方式领域(39.5%)、安全应急与避险领域(36.2%)及心理健康领域(11.9%), 对生长发育与青春期保健(8.1%)、传染病预防与突发公共卫生事件应对(4.3%)两个领域的关注较少。政府关注了生命安全及健康教育领域20个核心要点, 仍有10个核心要点尚未关注。  结论  中国学校安全及健康教育政策注意力强度整体提升, 各阶段政策关注对象存在偏差; 政策注意力的均衡性、动态性不足及政策回应存在被动性; 生命安全及健康教育各领域内容及政策注意力配置指向不够全面。建议稳定生命安全及健康教育政策注意力配置总量, 确保配置均衡、动态调整及做好前期预判; 政策优化和调整注重各领域内容的全面性。

Evolution of attention of school life safety and health education policy in China

  Objective  To study the allocation of policy attention of life safety and health education in the Work Essentials of the Ministry of Education from 1987 to 2022 based on policy analysis, and to provide reference for the optimization of life safety and health education policy.  Methods  The contents related to life safety and health education in the Work Essentials of the Ministry of Education from 1987 to 2022 were coded by content analysis method and analyzed quantitatively.  Results  The attention of life safety and health education policies in schools in China could be divided into three stages: consolidation and improvement stage (1987-2000), reform and exploration stage (2001-2012), and deepening and improvement stage (2013-2022), with the attention intensity was rising as a whole. The government's policy on life safety and health education focused on health behavior and lifestyle (39.5% of the total reference point), safety emergency and risk avoidance (36.2% of the total reference point), mental health (11.9% of the total reference point).The two fields of growth and adolescent health (8.1% of the total reference point), infectious disease prevention and public health emergency response (4.3% of the total reference point) paid less attention. The government had paid attention to 20 core points in the field of life safety and health education, and there were still 10 core points that had not been paid attention to.  Conclusion  The attention intensity of school safety and health education policy in China has been improved as a whole, and there are deviations in the policy attention at each stage.Limitations also include the inbalance of policy attention, lack of dynamic policy and the passivity of policy response; Life safety and health education in various fields of content and policy attention allocation direction is not comprehensive.It is suggested to stabilize the total amount of attention allocation on life safety and health education policy, to ensure balanced allocation, dynamic adjustment and pre-judgment; More attention should paid on the comprehensiveness of contents in each aspects in policy optimization and adjustment.