京津冀地区不同营养状况中小学生身体素质和生理功能比较

  目的  了解京津冀地区不同营养状况儿童青少年身体素质和生理功能水平及其相关性，为儿童青少年体质健康促进和干预提供参考和帮助。  方法  2019年9—12月，以班级为单位采用分层整群抽样方法，在京津冀地区对4 424名7~18岁中小学生进行营养状况、身体素质和生理功能指标测试。  结果  中小学生消瘦、正常、超重肥胖检出率分别为7.93%，67.36%，24.71%。不同营养状况男生心率、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、斜身引体/引体向上、立定跳远、50 m跑、1 000 m跑、体能指数水平相比较，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为9.6，55.2，118.6，332.5，122.8，15.6，49.5，47.5，12.6，113.5，P值均＜0.01)；不同营养状况女生心率、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、1 min仰卧起坐、立定跳远、50 m跑、800 m跑、体能指数水平相比较，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为33.9，24.5，46.5，262.5，102.6，32.5，27.5，33.6，27.6，51.6，P值均＜0.01)。男生体质量指数与收缩压、舒张压、50 m跑、1 000 m跑呈正相关(r值分别为0.27，0.31，0.14，0.16)，与心率、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、斜身引体/引体向上、立定跳远、体能指数呈负相关(r值分别为-0.07，-0.62，-0.41，-0.21，-0.35，-0.29)(P值均＜0.05)；女生体质量指数与收缩压、舒张压、800 m跑呈正相关(r值分别为0.21，0.27，0.22)，与心率、肺活量体重指数、握力体重指数、体能指数呈负相关(r值分别为-0.12，-0.49，-0.32，-0.18)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  京津冀地区儿童青少年营养状况与身体素质和生理功能存在相关，超重肥胖者身体素质和生理功能较低。应有效控制超重肥胖的发生，以更好促进身体素质和生理功能发展。

Comparison of physical fitness and physiological function of children and adolescents with different nutritional status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

  Objective  To understand physical fitness and physiological function level of children and adolescents with different nutritional status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and to provide reference for physical health promotion and intervention of children and adolescents.  Methods  From September to December 2019, 4 424 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were tested for different nutritional status, physical fitness and physiological function by using stratified cluster sampling method.  Results  The detection rates of malnutrition, normal, overweight and obesity were 7.93%, 67.36% and 24.71%, respectively.There were differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity body mass index, grip strength body mass index, oblique pull-up/pull-up, standing long jump, 50 m running, 1 000 m running, and BMI in boys with different nutritional status statistical significance (Z=9.6, 55.2, 118.6, 332.5, 122.8, 15.6, 49.5, 47.5, 12.6, 113.5, P < 0.01); There were differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity body mass index, grip strength body mass index, sit-up for 1 minute, standing long jump, 50 m running, 800 m running and physical fitness index in girls with different nutritional status statistical significance (Z=33.9, 24.5, 46.5, 262.5, 102.6, 32.5, 27.5, 33.6, 27.6, 51.6, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the nutritional status of boys was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 50 m running, and 1 000 m running (r=0.27, 0.31, 0.14, 0.16, P < 0.05), and was correlated with heart rate, vital capacity, body mass index, grip strength body mass index, oblique pull-up/pull-up, standing long jump, and BMI were negatively correlated (r=-0.07, -0.62, -0.41, -0.21, -0.35, -0.29, P < 0.05); nutritional status of girls it was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and 800 m running (r=0.21, 0.27, 0.22, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with heart rate, vital capacity BMI, grip strength BMI, and BMI (r=-0.12, -0.49, -0.32, -0.18, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The nutritional status of children and adolescents in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is related to physical fitness and physiological function. Overweight and obese child have lower physical fitness and physiological function. In the future, childhood overweight and obesity should be effectively controlled to better promote the development of physical fitness and physiological function.