父母家庭教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联

  目的  研究父母教养方式及其教养方式一致性对学龄前儿童睡眠问题的影响, 为制定早期家庭干预措施提供理论依据。  方法  采用随机抽样的方法在安庆市共抽取19所幼儿园的2 744名儿童及其家长进行问卷调查, 采用父母行为量表(PBI)调查家长的教养方式, 使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷中文版(CSHQ)评估学龄前儿童睡眠情况。  结果  学龄前儿童总体睡眠障碍检出率为15.5%, 并同时伴有睡眠持续时间障碍(70.0%)、睡眠阻抗(64.2%)、入睡延迟(38.7%)、睡眠焦虑(15.5%)、白天嗜睡(10.1%)等多个维度的睡眠问题。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 父亲支持参与的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、入睡延迟、睡眠持续时间短等睡眠问题, 母亲支持参与的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、入睡延迟、夜醒等睡眠问题呈负向关联(P值均＜0.05);父亲敌意强制的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、睡眠持续时间短、睡眠呼吸障碍、白天嗜睡以及总的睡眠问题, 母亲敌意强制的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠持续时间短、睡眠焦虑、夜醒、白天嗜睡以及总的睡眠问题呈正向关联(P值均＜0.05)。父母均较高的敌意强制教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠持续时间短呈正相关(OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.12~4.28, P=0.02)。  结论  学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率高, 父母支持性参与教养方式对学龄前儿童睡眠有正面影响, 而父母敌意强制教养方式对学龄前儿童睡眠有负面影响。

Effects of parental rearing style on sleep problems in preschool children/

  Objective  To examine the effects of parental rearing style and its consistency on sleep problems of preschool children and to provide theoretical basis for making early family intervention measures.  Methods  A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 744 children and their parents in 19 kindergartens in Anqing city. Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) was used to investigate the rearing style of parents, and Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate the incidence of sleep among preschoolers.  Results  Preschool children's overall rate of sleep disorder was 15.5%, and accompanied by sleep duration disorder (70.0%), sleep resistance (64.2%), sleep latency (38.7%), anxiety (15.5%), daytime sleepiness (10.1%). Living in urban areas, parents' smoking and drinking behaviors, and parents' parenting style all affected preschoolers' sleep (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers' active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children's sleep problems such as delayed sleep impedance and short sleep duration, while mothers' active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children's sleep problems such as sleep resistance and night wake-up (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between father's severe rearing style and preschoolers' sleep resistance, sleep duration, short sleep disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems, and mother's severe rearing style and preschoolers' sleep duration, short sleep anxiety, night wakefulness, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems (P < 0.05). Consistent rate of negative rearing patterns was a risk factor for short sleep duration in preschoolers (OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.12-4.28, P=0.02).  Conclusion  The detection rate of sleep problems in preschoolers is high. Parental supportive involvement has a positive effect on preschoolers' sleep, while parental coercion hostile parenting has a negative effect on preschoolers' sleep. The consistent rate of rearing styles affects the sleep duration of preschoolers.