沈阳市7～9岁儿童上呼吸道微生态状况分析

目的了解儿童咽部微生物群的分布情况,为从微生态角度预防以口咽部为门户的呼吸道感染发生提供科学支持。方法随机选取沈阳市花城小学7～9岁66名学生为研究对象,用无菌咽拭采集标本,对菌群进行分离培养、纯化、染色镜检和ATB鉴定,了解儿童咽后壁的优势菌群和菌群分布特点。结果儿童咽后壁菌群的需氧菌95%正常值范围为2×103～2×107CFU/mL,厌氧菌为1×103～2×107CFU/mL,需氧菌和厌氧菌之比为1.5∶1。在需氧菌中,口腔链球菌、卡他莫拉菌、灰色奈瑟菌、白假丝酵母菌、缓症链球菌的检出率明显高于其他菌属,上述菌株的构成比也明显较高。在厌氧菌中,小韦容球菌、解脲拟杆菌、麻疹孪生球菌的检出率相对高于其他菌株,检出率较靠前的口腔纤毛菌的构成比与其他检出率较低的菌种没有明显区别;相反,检出率较低的嗜酸乳杆菌的菌种构成比反而较高。结论口腔链球菌、卡他莫拉菌、灰色奈瑟菌、白假丝酵母菌、缓症链球菌、小韦容球菌、解脲拟杆菌、麻疹孪生球菌是咽部的优势菌群,是研究口腔微生态平衡的重要指标。

Microflora studies of the upper respiratory tract among 7 to 9 years old children in Shenyang

Objective To understand the children’s pharynx flora distribution,which provide scientific supports to prevent respiratory infection from oropharyngeal portals.Methods Selecting 66 students aged 7 to 9 in Shenyang Huacheng primary school as the research objects.The pharyngeal specimens were collected with sterile swabs.The pharyngeal bacteria were isolated and cultured,purified,stained and identifed with automatic biochemical instrument,to understand the pharyngeal dominant flora and flora distribution characteristics in children.Results The 95% normal value range of aerobic bacteria of pharyngeal flora of children was 2×103~2×107CFU/mL,anaerobic bacteria was 1×103~ 2×107 CFU/mL.The ratio of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was 1.5∶1.In the aerobic bacteria,the detection rate of Streptococcus oralis,Moraxella catarrhalis,Neisseria cinerea,Candida albicans,and Streptococcus mitis was higher than that of other genus obviously,and the constitution ratio was markedly higher too.The alpha hemolytic streptococcus possesses obvious advantage among them.In the anaerobic bacteria,the detection rate of Veillonella parvula,Bacteroides ureolyticus,and Gemella mobillorum was relatively higher than that of other strains.The constitution ratio of Leptotrichia buccalis whose detection rate was forward had no obvious differences with other strains whose detection rate was lower.On the contrary,the constitution ratio of Lactobacillus acidophilus with lower detection rate was higher.Conclusion Streptococcus oralis,Moraxella catarrhalis,Neisseria cinerea,Candida albicans,Streptococcus mitis,Veillonella parvula,Bacteroides ureolyticus,and Gemella mobillorum,with higher detection rate and constitution ratio,are pharyngeal dominant flora,which are important indices in the study of oral microecological balance.The protective effects to oral mucosa of these strains could be studied further for explain their microecological values.