山东理工大学学生在校期间体质健康状况变化分析

目的探讨大学期间影响学生体质发育的因素,为高等学校的体育卫生工作提供依据。方法对山东理工大学2001级学生入学时和毕业时的身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、视力、血压、体重指数（BMI）、维尔维克指数等8项指标进行测定,计算增减量,分析大学期间学生体质发育变化情况。结果大学期间学生身体形态已进入缓慢发育阶段,身体机能改善,视力明显下降。男生身高、体重、胸围、肺活量呈增长趋势,平均分别增长1．11cm,2．54kg,1．06cm,187mL,维尔维克指数和体重指数呈增长趋势,平均增长1．51和0．56。男生身体充实度和匀称度提高,超重率和肥胖率上升。女生身高、肺活量呈增长趋势,平均增长1．08cm和20．91mL,体重、胸围呈下降趋势,平均下降1．00kg和0．70cm,维尔维克指数和体重指数呈下降趋势,平均下降1．59和0．64。女生身体充实度和匀称度下降,“绿豆芽”体型有增多趋势。结论大学期间,学生应注意膳食营养的合理搭配,加强体育锻炼,自觉养成良好的用眼习惯。

Dynamic Study on the Graduates' Physical Constitution During the Period of Studying in Shandong University of Technology

Objective To explore the factors affecting physical development of graduates during the period of studying in university,and to provide reference for teaching,physical education and health work.Methods Eight indices were analyzed including,heights,body mass,chest circumference,vital capacity,eyesight,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and Verwaeck index.The fluctuation of the data were calculated and the development status of the body was analyzed.Results During the period of studying in university,the undergraduates' figure entered slowing-growth periods,and body function were improved,but eyesight were obviously reduced.The male students' height,BMI,chest circumference and vital capacity were increased,which were 1.11 cm,2.54kg,1.06cm and 187 mL respectively. The Verwaeck index and BMI were increased too,and the average increments were 1.51 and 0.56.The figure of boy students were well improved and balanced,while the prevalence of overweight and obesity rose.The height and vital capacity of girl students showed increasing trend,and average increments were 1.08 cm and 20.91 mL respectively.The body mass and chest circumference of them showed declining trend,and average reduction were 1.00 kg and 0.70 cm respectively.The Verwaeck index and BMI also showed a declining trend,and average reduction were (1.59) and 0.64.The "bean-sprout" figure was in rising trend.Conclusion The graduates should pay attention to reasonable dietary consumptions,physical exercises and forming sound eye-using habits.