农村儿童同伴依恋和孤独感对自尊的影响

探讨同伴依恋和孤独感对农村儿童自尊的影响,为促进农村儿童自尊的发展提供资料.方法 采用纵向研究设计,对河南省7所和四川省3所农村小学共1 009名四至六年级学生进行问卷调查.基线调查采用自尊量表、同伴依恋量表和孤独量表,9个月随访完成自尊量表.结果 在控制性别、年龄、父母是否在外地打工和基线自尊水平后,基线同伴依恋(β=0.14)和基线孤独感(β=-0.13)预测9个月随访的自尊水平,基线孤独感和基线同伴依恋对9个月随访自尊水平交互作用有统计学意义(β=-0.08)(P值均<0.01);基线孤独感低时,基线同伴依恋对9个月随访自尊水平有更大的正向预测作用.结论 低孤独感提高了同伴依恋对自尊的积极作用.父母和教育工作者在提升农村儿童自尊水平的工作中不仅要改善儿童的同伴依恋,而且要降低其孤独感.

Effect of peer attachment and loneliness on self-esteem among children in rural area

Objective To study the effects of peer attachment and loneliness on self-esteem and to provide suggestions for the development of self-esteem among children in rural area. Methods A total of 1 009 fourth to sixth graders from ten primary schools in rural area of Sichuan and Henan Provinces participated in this longitudinal study. The self-esteem, peer attachment and loneliness were assessed at baseline, and the self-esteem was assessed after 9-month follow up. Results After controlling for age,gender, whether parents migrate to work in urban area and self-esteem, peer attachment( β = 0.14) and loneliness at Time 1( β =-0.13) were found to significantly predict self-esteem at Time 2. In addition, the interaction between loneliness at Time 1 and peer attachment at Time 1 on self-esteem at Time 2 was significant( β =-0.08)( P<0.01). Specifically, the relation between peer attachment at Time 1 and self-esteem at Time 2 was greater when children had low level of loneliness at Time 1. Conclusion The findings indicated that initial low level of loneliness facilitates the protective effect of initial peer attachment on later self-esteem. It reminds parents and educators that both promoting children’s secure attachment towards peers and reducing children’s sense of loneliness are needed in order to develop children’s self-esteem in rural area.