中国中小学生早餐营养素摄入量

目的：了解中国中小学生早餐营养素摄入量。方法：早用1992年全国营养调查中的住户调查及连续3d24h回顾法膳食调查资料，对中国17719名中小学生早餐能量和营养素摄入量进行分析。结果：中国中小学生早餐蛋白质、钙、锌、硒、视黄醇当量、硫胺素、核黄素等营养素摄入量均未达到RDA的25％，其中钙、视黄醇当量和核黄素等摄入量严重不足，仅为RDA的10％左右，中小学生早餐来自蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的能量比例不当。比较来看，小学生早餐蛋白质、脂肪、钙、铁、锌、硒、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸等摄入量占RDA百分比明显高于中学生。男生早餐蛋白质、铁、锌、硒、视黄醇当量和烟酸等摄入量占RDA百分比稍高于女生。乡村学生早餐能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、钙、铁、锌、视黄醇当量、硫胺素、烟酸及抗坏血酸等摄入量占RDA百分比高于城市学生，脂肪、硒和核黄素摄入量低于城市学生。结论：乡村中小学生早餐平均能量和营养素摄入量好于城市中小学生，但城乡中小学生早餐营养素摄入状况均有待改善。

Nutrient Intakes of Chinese Primary and Secondary School Students at Breakfast

Objective To understand nutrient intakes of Chinese primary and secondary students at breakfast Methods Nutrient intakes of 17719 primary and secondary students at breakfast were calculated based on data from the 1992 national nutritional survey. Results The intakes of protein, calcium, zinc, selenium, retinal equivalent, thiamin and riboflavin at breakfast were lower than 25% of RDA, especially the intakes of calcium, retinal equivalent and riboflavin were only about 10% of RDA. Energy intake from protein, fat and carbohydrate at breakfast was not appropriate proportionally for the school students. Primary school students had significantly higher intakes of protein, fat, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin at breakfast than secondary school students; male students had higher intakes of protein, iron, zinc, selenium, retinal equivalent and niacin. Rural students had higher intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron zinc, retinal equivalent, thiamin, niacin and vitamin C, and lower intakes of fat, selenium and riboflavin than did urban students. Conclusions Energy and nutrient intakes of rural students were higher than those of urban students, however, both of them should be improved.