基于广义估计方程探讨围产期相关因素对幼儿屈光发育的影响

目的基于广义估计方程探讨幼儿屈光发育的现状及围产期相关因素对幼儿屈光发育的影响,为婴幼儿视力保健提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取湖南省长沙市开福区三个街道社区卫生服务中心的产妇及新生儿作为研究对象,建立前瞻性队列研究,婴幼儿定期在社区医院进行视力筛查,并应用广义估计方程探讨围产期相关因素对幼儿屈光发育的影响。结果幼儿屈光异常的类型均以单纯性散光为主,近视性屈光次之。通过广义估计方程的结果可知,母亲为初产妇(OR=1.631,P=0,003)、妊娠合并原发性高血压(OR=4.843,P=0.026)和幼儿低出生体重(OR=3.752,P=0.023)是幼儿屈光异常的危险因素。结论屈光异常的发生率越来越趋向低龄化,加强对婴幼儿屈光发育及其影响因素的探讨,重视围产期保健,对促进儿童视力健康具有重要作用。

Study on the Influence of Perinatal Related Factors on Infants′Refractive Development based on Generalized Estimation Equation

Objective Based on the generalized estimating equation,the current situation of infants′refractive development and the influence of perinatal related factors on infants′refractive development are discussed,providing scientific basis for infants′vision care.Methods Using the cluster sampling method,the mothers and newborns of the three neighborhood community health service centers in Kaifu District,Changsha City,Hunan Province were selected as the research objects,and a prospective cohort study was established.Infants were regularlyscreened in the community hospital and appliedthe generalized estimation equation explores the influence of perinatal factors on infants′refractive development.Results The main types of infants′refractive abnormalities are simple astigmatism,followed by myopia.According to the results of the generalized estimation equation,the mother is a primipara(OR=1.631,P=0.003),pregnancy with essential hypertension(OR=4.843,P=0.026)and infants with low birth weight(OR=3.752,P=0.023)is a risk factor for infants′refractive abnormalities.Conclusion The incidence of refractive abnormalities tends to be younger and younger.It plays an important role in promoting children′s visual health to strengthen the discussion on infants′refractive development and its influencing factors and pay attention to perinatal health care.