四川省安县震后卫生状况及需求调查评估

目的 了解汶川地震后安县的卫生状况及需求,为下一步高效、有序地开展卫生防病工作提供科学依据.方法 对69个100人以上的集中安置点全部调查,用按容量比例概率抽样方法从44万散居人口中抽取687户共2200人进行调杳.调查内容包括饮用水、食品卫生、环境卫生、计划免疫以及医疗卫生服务、疾病监测等.运用SPSS 16.0分析数据,对结果进行统计描述.结果 集中安置点中90.9%(60/66)居住方式为帐篷,活动板房仪占7.6%(5/66),分散户中93.3%(621/666)居住在帐篷中,其中71.9%(446/621)属于自建帐篷;集中安置点和分散户的饮用水消毒的比率分别达97.1%(66/68)和94.6%(650/687);分散户中12.8%食品供应来源中曾有霉变或过期;50%(34/68)集中安置点养有动物;43.6%(17/39)医疗点末开展疫苗接种医疗服务;66.7%(10/15)的安置点缺乏充足的消毒设施;症状和(或)传染病的登记率为50.0%(33/66)、上报率为56.1%(37/66).结论 安县仍存在一定的传染病(肠道和媒介生物传播疾病为主)传播风险,应采取有针对性的防控措施,定期开展卫生状况调查和需求评估工作,为不同阶段的工作提供方向.

Public health situation and needs assessment after Wenchuan earthquake in Anxian, Sichuan province

Objective To explore the public health situation and needs in Anxian after Wenehuan earthquake so as to make an effective strategy for disease control and prevention. Methods 69 concentrated settlements with 100 residents were investigated. Probability proportion to size was adopted for sampling of 2200 residents from 687 scattered households (about 440 000 scattered residents). The content of this survey included drinking water, food hygiene, environment sanitation, planning immunity and medieal health sorvice,disease surveillance and so on. SPSS 16.0 was used for data analysis, and statistical interpretation was used to describe the results. Results 90. 9% (31/66) resettled residents in Anxian lived in tents, 7.6% (5/66) lived in the movable-plate house,93. 3% (621/666)scattered households lived in tents and 71.9% (446/621) of them lived in tents which were built by residents themselves; the rate of drinking water disinfection in resettlement sites and scattered households were 97.1% (66/68) and 94. 6% (650/687); 12.8% scattered residents had mouldy or food; 50% of resettlement sites raised animals; 43. 6% (17/39) medical station didn't have bacterin inoculation service; 66.7% (10/15) lacked sufficient disinfection equipment; register rate was 50.0% (33/66) and report rate of symptoms and infectious diseases was 56.1% (37/66). Conclusion There was still some risk of enteric and vetor-borne diseases in Anxian, therefore, some tailored measures should be very important.