中国7～18岁汉族学生形态发育的横断面调查

目的,了解我国15个省区汉族学生形态发育的现状。方法以2004年学生体质监测7-18岁汉族学生共161477人作为研究对象,对城市、乡村以及不同地区学生的身高、体重和胸围进行比较。结果7～18岁城市学生的生长发育水平明显优于乡村学生,各年龄组男女生身高、体重、胸围3项指标的均值变化均为城市大于乡村,表现出明显的城乡差异。12岁组城市与乡村男生平均身高分别为152．78和148．66cm（差值为4．12cm）,城市与乡村女生平均身高分别为152．68和149．24cm（差值为3．44cm）;12岁组城市与乡村男生平均体重分别为44．75和39．27kg（差值为5．48kg）,城市与乡村女生平均体重分别为42．9l和39．17kg（差值为3．74kg）;12岁组城市男女生的平均胸围分别大于乡村男女生3．68cm和2．56cm。东部沿海地区7～14岁组男女生身高、体重的平均值均大于西南、西北和中部地区,差异有统计学意义;西南地区各年龄组学生身高、体重的平均值均为全国最低,差异有统计学意义。结论应进一步重视西部以及农村地区学生的体质健康,加强学生营养和体质改善工作,提高学生的生长发育水平。

Cross-sectional study on growth and development of Chinese Han students

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation of the growth and development on Chinese Han children and adolescents. METHODS: Using the 2004 National Survey on Students' Physical Fitness and Health, the body height, weight and chest circumference of 161,477 subjects aged 7 to 18 enrolled in this study were analyzed. RESULTS: It showed that the levels of the growth and development in urban students were better than those of rural students (P < 0.01). The average level on stature of 12-aged students were 152.78 cm and 148.66 cm respectively for urban and rural boys, and the deference was 4.12 cm; the mean heights of urban and rural girls were 152.68 cm and 149.24 cm respectively, and the deference was 3.44 cm. The average level on body weight of 12-aged students were 44.75 kg and 39.27 kg respectively for urban and rural boys, and the deference was 5.48 kg; the mean weights of urban and rural girls were 42.91 kg and 39.17 kg respectively, and the deference was 3.74 kg. The average level on chest circumference of 12-aged urban students was beyond the rural students 3.68 cm and 2.56 cm respectively by gender. The average level on body height and weight of 7 to 14 aged students of east inshore areas were more than those of southwest, northwest and middle areas (P < 0.01). The mean body height and weight of students of southwest area were the lowest in whole country (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It reveals that attaching further importance to improve the work of students' physical fitness and health and nutrition in inland areas, especially in southwest areas and rural areas, would be contributory to the growth and development of the children and adolescents.