中国低出生体重儿抽样调查结果

目的　调查全国活产儿出生体重情况和低出生体重儿发生率。方法　采用分层抽样方法 ,对中国 11个省的 16个市、2 8个县 ,1998年 7～ 10月出生的孕周≥ 2 8周的全部活产婴儿进行出生体重测查。结果　共测查活产儿 2 2 35 0人 (男 115 84人、女 10 76 6人 )。多胎率和早产率分别为 1 8%和 3 5 %。城市、农村和全国加权低出生体重儿发生率分别为 4 2 0 %、6 2 6 %和 5 87%。低出生体重儿中 6 1 2 %为足月儿 (≥ 37周 ) ,在农村则占 71 6 %。城市和农村活产儿平均出生体重分别为 330 1g和 32 2 5g,城市显著高于农村。男婴和女婴活产儿平均出生体重分别为 32 80g、3173g ,接近WHO推荐的出生体重均值。沿海、内地、边远地区活产儿平均出生体重呈逐渐下降趋势。低出生体重儿早期新生儿死亡率在城市为 5 0 0‰ ,农村为 179 4‰ ,全国为 15 1 5‰ ,显著高于正常出生体重婴儿。结论中国活产儿平均出生体重和低出生体重的发生率与发达国家水平接近 ,但地区间差异有显著性。低出生体重的主要原因是宫内发育迟缓 ,低出生体重儿的早期新生儿死亡率显著高于正常体重儿 ,应采取干预措施。

Sampling survey on low-birth weight in China in 1998

OBJECTIVE: To study the weight of live births and incidence of low-birth weight (LBW) in China. METHODS: A national survey on the weight of live births with gestational ages of 28 weeks or over in 16 cities and 28 counties of 11 provinces in China was carried with stratified sampling during July to October, 1998. RESULTS: Totally 22 350 live newborns, 11 584 males and 10 766 females, with gestational ages of 28 weeks or more in sampling sites were measured at their birth. Rates of multiple births and preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation) were 1.8% and 3.5%, respectively. LBW rates were 4.20% and 6.26% for urban and rural areas, respectively, with a national weighted-average of 5.87%. Full term births (>/= 37 weeks of gestation) accounted for 61.2% and 71.6% of the babies with LBW in national and rural areas, respectively. Their average birth weight was 3 301 g and 3 225 g in urban and rural areas, respectively, with statistically significant difference, and 3 280 g and 3 173 g for boys and girls, respectively, approaching to the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Live birth weight in the coastal, inland, and remote areas appeared a trend of gradual decrease. Early neonatal mortality of babies with LBW was 50.0 per thousand and 179.4 per thousand in urban and rural areas, respectively, with a national average of 151.5 per thousand, significant higher than those with normal birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: The average birth weight and LBW rate in live births of China were close to those in the developed countries, and there was significant difference in them between varied regions. The majority of LBW in China was attributed to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Early neonatal mortality in babies with LBW was significantly higher than that with normal birth weight. Further intervention measures should be implemented.