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广东省严重急性呼吸综合征的流行与控制
作者姓名:He JF  Xu RH  Yu DW  Peng GW  Liu YY  Liang WJ  Li LH  Guo RN  Fang Y  Zhang XC  Zheng HZ  Luo HM  Lin JY
作者单位:510300,广州,广东省疾病预防控制中心流行病防治研究所
基金项目:广东省防治非典型肺炎科技攻关项目 (粤科社字[2 0 0 3 ] 80号
摘    要:目的 分析广东省2003年严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respirstory syndrome,SARS)流行特征,探讨其危险因素,为有效控制该病的流行提供对策、依据与参考。方法 用描述流行病学方法对SARS流行病学及控制措施等相关资料进行描述与分析。结果 目前追溯到首例发病日期为2002年11月16日,家庭聚集发病5例;2003年1月2日,河源市为全国最早正式报告SARS病例的城市。至2003年6月15日止,广东省共有15个地级市报告SARS病例1511例,全省报告发病率为1.77/10万,主要集中在珠江三角洲的5个城市(佛山、广州、深圳、中山及江门),占病例总数的95.97%,广州市报告病例最多,占病例总数的85.81%;报告死亡数为58例,报告死亡率为0.07/10万,病死率为3.84%。发病高峰出现在1月28日至2月26日(占病例总数的50.69%),单日发病例数最多的为2月8日,共55例。发病年龄主要集中在青壮年(20—49岁),占65.86%。发病率随着年龄的增大而升高。有明显的医院和家庭聚集现象,医务人员的聚集性病例占病例总数的19.38%,家庭聚集性病例占12.04%。早期135例无明确接触史的社区散发患者中,从事与动物相关职业者11例,占8.14%。潜伏期为1—12d,中位数为4.5d。实行严格的SARS疫情监测报告制度,落实预防控制SARS的各项指引,切断SARS从患者到健康人的传播链,强化医院感染控制的技术指导和落实,做好消毒和个人防护工作是主要的控制措施。结论 切断SARS从患者到健康人的传播链是控制SARS流行的关键;重点控制医院内感染的发生;一些研究结果支持SARS病原可能来源于动物的假设。

关 键 词:严重急性呼吸综合征  流行特征  危险因素  控制  广东

Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangdong Province of China: epidemiology and control measures
He JF,Xu RH,Yu DW,Peng GW,Liu YY,Liang WJ,Li LH,Guo RN,Fang Y,Zhang XC,Zheng HZ,Luo HM,Lin JY.Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangdong Province of China: epidemiology and control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,2003,37(4):227-232,T001.
Authors:He Jian-feng  Xu Rui-heng  Yu De-wen  Peng Guo-wen  Liu Yong-ying  Liang Wen-jia  Li Ling-hui  Guo Ru-ning  Fang Yan  Zhang Xian-chang  Zheng Hui-zhen  Luo Hui-ming  Lin Jin-yan
Institution:Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Abstract:Objective To explore epidemiological features and risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong Province of China, so as to work out effective strategies for its better control. Methods A total of 1 511 clinically confirmed SARS cases in Guangdong Province of China from November 16, 2002 to Jun 15, 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The first SARS case was identified in Foshan municipality on November 16, 2002, followed by 1 511 clinically confirmed cases (including 58 deaths) up to May 15, 2003.Of all cases, health care workers and community family cluster cases accounted for 19.38% and 12.04%.65.86% SARS patients aged 20-49 years, and increased incidence was positively related to their ages.95.97% cases lived in the following five cities around Pearl Delta Area: Foshan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, and Jiangmen.Eleven early reported cases in the communities took animal-related positions.Face-to-face contacts with infected droplets were the main transmission route.An epidemic peak occurred during January 28 to February 26, and those cases accounted for 50.69% of total.Incidence, mortality, and case fatality of SARS were 1.77/100 000, 0.07/100 000, and 3.84% respectively.The mean incubation period was 4.5 days.Conclusion The most effective way to control SARS is to break the chain of transmission from infected to healthy persons-early identification, prompt and effective isolation, and vigorous close contact tracing.Hospital infections among health care workers is critical.Several observations support the hypothesis of an animal origin for the disease.
Keywords:Severe acute respiratory syndrome  Epidemiology  Communicable disease control
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