某地既往有偿供血人群艾滋病歧视状况研究

目的 了解因既往有偿供血造成艾滋病流行地区艾滋病歧视现象及其产生原因和影响因素.方法 在安徽省某地利用目的抽样法从人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者、家庭成员、村民及卫生工作者中各选择20名共80名作为调查对象.采用一对一深入访谈的方法,了解艾滋病歧视现象,分析产生原因与影响因素.结果 80名调查对象中,1名未完成调查,在完成调查的79名中,歧视的主要表现形式是扩大的歧视81.0%(64/79)],嫌弃、回避及抛弁,看病时受到歧视47.4%(28/59)],失去社会支持33.3%(13/39)]等.艾滋病流行严重的村庄歧视相对较轻,艾滋病流行较轻的村庄歧视较严重.对艾滋病存在错误认识57.5%(23/40)]、恐惧32.5%(13/40)]及道德判断是歧视产生的主要原因.为了避免家人和孩子的正常生活受到影响,多数HIV感染者不愿暴露身份.结论 由于对艾滋病的错误认识等,导致歧视现象严重,亟须开展减少歧视相关工作.

A study of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among former plasma donors in rural areas

Objective To understand the types of, reasons for and sources of stigma and discrimination in a rural community where the majority of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are formerplasma donors (FPDs). Methods Eighty local residents, including 20 HIV-positive villagers, 20 family members,20 villagers from non-HlV-positive households and 20 health workers, were selected as study subjects by using purposive sampling method in rural areas of Anhui Province. Face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were held to collect information on HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and its contributing factors. Results Of the 80 study subjects,1 didn't finish the survy. Of the 79 subjects who finished the survy,the main forms of stigma and discrimination were expanded stigma 81.0% (64/79)] , abandonment and avoidance, stigma and discrimination in healthcarc setting 47.4% (28/59)] ,loss of social support33.3% (13/39)]. The level of stigma was less in village where were more HIV-positive villagers living and vice versa. The reasons for stigma and discrimination included: ignorance or misunderstanding of HIV/AIDS 57.5% (23/40)], fear of HIV/AIDS 32.5% (13/40)] and morality judgment toward PLHA. The majority of HIV positive participants were unwilling to disclose their positive status to others in order to protect their family members and children. Conclusion Ignorance and misunderstanding of HIV/ AIDS were main contributing factors to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and it is very important to implement appropriate intervention programs to reduce stigma and discrimination.