济南市1951-2005年细菌性痢疾流行情况分析

目的 探讨济南市细菌性痢疾流行特征,为有效控制细菌性痢疾流行、制订控制措施提供科学依据.方法 对济南市1951-2005年细菌性痢疾发病资料和防治资料进行流行病学分析,50余年间共发病485 333例,人群分布分析病例数少于总发病,系因文革期间资料不完整所致.结果 50多年来,济南市细菌性痢疾发病呈逐年下降态势,平均发病率为283.10/10万,各年代间发病率经χ2检验差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.99,P＜0.05).期间出现4次大的流行高峰,发病率均在1000/10万左右;发病年龄主要集中在0～4岁、20岁～、30岁～3个年龄段;工人占30.31%,散居儿童占22.71%,农民占17.90%;发病集中于7-9月,占71.57%,8月为发病高峰;市区发病率最高为550.94/10万.结论 经过几代卫生疾病控制人员的努力,济南市细菌性痢疾发病已控制在较低发病水平.今后除继续做好城区的细菌性痢疾预防控制外,应进一步继续加强农村地区细菌性痢疾防治管理工作;F2a菌型的生物学特性研究是今后工作的重点.

Analysis on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan municipality from 1951 to 2005

OBJECTIVE: To explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in Jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control. METHODS: The epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Jinan from 1951 to 2005 were analyzed. A total of 485,333 cases in the span of 50 years were recorded, while the population-based case distribution was less than the total cases due to the data incompleteness during the Cultural Revolution. RESULTS: The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been decreasing by years with average incidence rate of 283.10/100,000. The significant differences were observed among the incidence rates of various ages(chi2 = 14.99, P < 0.05). There were four epidemic peaks, and all the incidence rates were about 1000/100,000. Age of onset mainly concentrated in the 0-4 years old, 20-years old and 30-years old. In terms of occupational distribution, workers accounted for 30.31%, the living-scattered children accounted for 22.71%, and the farmers accounted for 17.90%. The incidence focus was from July to September, which accounted for 71.57%. The peak of incidence emerged in August. The highest incidence in urban was 550.94/100,000. CONCLUSION: Through the efforts of several generations of health workers, the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been basically brought under control. Further step should be taken for the control of bacterial dysentery in urban areas and the management of bacterial dysentery in rural areas. Moreover, the biological characteristics of F2a should be a focus for the future study.