文化程度及生活地域对常见精神疾病知晓率及就医方式的影响

目的探讨文化程度和生活地域对浙江省普通人群常见精神疾病知晓率以及就医方式选择的影响。方法2001年9月至12月采用分层随机抽样方法，抽取浙江省15岁及以上普通人群4614人，分成文盲、小学文化、中学文化和大专以上4组，每组又按地域的不同分城市和农村，采用自编的调查问卷，进行常见精神疾病知晓率以及就医方式选择的调查。结果浙江省普通居民对“神经衰弱”的知晓率最高，达71．1％；其次是“精神分裂症”和“抑郁症”，分别占47．9％和39．3％；对“酒精依赖”、“躁狂症”和“强迫症”的知晓率均不到20％。城市居民对6种常见精神疾病的知晓率显著高于农村；同种地域的普通人群，随着文化程度的提高，对常见精神疾病的知晓率明显增高。就医方式以选择“西医”和“心理治疗”为主，分别占24．0％和34．8％以上。同区域不同文化程度的人群选择就医方式有差异，除“强迫症”外，文化程度低的趋向于选择“西医”，而文化程度高的趋于选择“心理治疗”。结论浙江省普通人群对精神疾病的知晓率较低；就医方式与文化程度有关。

Levels of common knowledge on common psychiatric disorders and therapeutic means taken in general population: effects of education level and living area

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences in level of common knowledge toward common psychiatric disorders and means of therapy in general population, resulting from different education levels and living areas. METHODS: All 4,614 persons over 15 years of age recruited from general population in Zhejiang Province via stratified randomly sampling, were classified by education levels as illiteracy, primary school level, high school level, and college level. Each group was thus divided into two categories according to the person's living areas, ie urban and rural area. The level of common knowledge about psychosis and means of therapy were measured by a questionnaire administered to all subjects. RESULTS: The rate of knowledge of neurasthenic was the highest, reaching to 71.1%, then of knowledge of schizophrenia and depression, was 47.9% and 39.3% respectively, and the rate of knowledge of alcohol dependence, mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder was lower than 20%. The rate of knowledge of the 6 common psychiatric disorders was higher in people from urban area, than from rural areas. The rate of knowledge of common psychiatric disorders was increased correspondingly to the increase of the education level among the people residing at the same living area. The main means of therapy the people selected was western medicine and psychology, reaching at 24.0% and 34.8% respectively. There were significant differences among the people with different education levels but from the same living areas, and the people with lower education levels were likely to choose the therapy of western medicine, on the other hand, the people with higher education levels were tending to choose the therapy of psychology. CONCLUSION: The popularization of the knowledge and the education about mental health should be reinforced, as to improving the knowledge about mental health, choosing a correct means of therapy to the common psychiatric disorders and promoting the mental health status of the population.