School physical activity policies and associations with physical activity practices and behaviours: A systematic review of the literature |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia;2. School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, lpswich, Queensland, 4305, Australia;3. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia;1. Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Department of Human Geography, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada;1. Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada;2. Brown University, 1 Prospect St, Providence, RI, 02912-9127, USA;3. Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA;4. MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA;1. Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;3. Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Change, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;2. The Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland;3. School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;1. University College London, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK;2. University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds, UK |
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| Abstract: | The development and implementation of school policies is considered a key strategy for the promotion of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise existing literature focusing on the associations between formal written school-based PA policies and (a) school PA practices and (b) PA behaviours of school-aged children and adolescents. Fifty-one papers reporting on 52 studies met the eligibility criteria. All but two studies were from high income countries, most used cross-sectional designs and demonstrated fair methodological quality, and just over a third examined language aspects of policies. Findings predominantly indicated a lack of or inconclusive associations between the various characteristics examined and PA outcomes. Inconclusive associations were identified between both PA practice and behaviour outcomes and state level policies, policies focusing on PE and school-day PA, and in studies examining language aspects of policies. Inconclusive associations with both types of outcomes were more likely to be identified compared to a lack of associations in studies using self-report measures and in studies not providing information about the quality of exposure and outcome measures used. Overall, findings highlight the need for further research that acknowledges the complex relationship between school policies and PA outcomes and employs robust methodological approaches to enhance our understanding of this area. |
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| Keywords: | School Physical activity Policy Legislation Bill Law Requirements |
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