核与辐射应急人员剂量控制水平分析

目的 分析核与辐射应急人员在应急响应中的剂量控制水平。方法 根据国际原子能机构发布的相关技术报告书并结合日本福岛核事故实战经验,对核应急人员的剂量控制水平进行探讨。结果 分析给出了核与辐射应急人员的剂量控制指导值及实战中应急人员剂量控制措施的建议,发现应急人员内照射剂量监测在剂量控制中的作用非常重要。国际原子能机构新制定的《核与辐射应急准备与响应基本安全要求》完善了应急人员剂量控制水平指导值,国内相关标准较为滞后。结论 建议我国参考国际原子能机构的新标准并结合我国具体情况,制定出适合我国的核与辐射应急人员剂量控制水平,以保护应急人员的生命健康。

Analysis in Dose Control Level of Emergency Workers in a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency

Objective To analyze the dose control level of emergency workers in a nuclear or radiological emergency. Methods According to the safety standards and technical reports issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and combined with lessons learned from response to Fukushima nuclear accident, the dose control levels of emergency workers are discussed. Results The guidance values for restricting exposure of emergency workers and methods for dose control of emergency workers are provided. It is found that monitoring of internal dose is important in dose control. The newly published IAEA safety standard "Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency" improves the guidance values for restricting exposure of emergency workers, the standard in China needs to be revised. Conclusion It is suggested that the dose control level of emergency workers in China be revised by referring to the IAEA newly published standard and taking into account the special conditions in China, in order to protect emergency workers.