河北省部分核医学工作场所的放射防护现状调查与分析

目的 掌握河北省部分核医学放射工作场所防护现状和放射工作人员防护现状，为加强放射卫生监督和制定核医学相关标准提供数据支持。方法 对河北省内16个核医学工作场所用X、γ辐射剂量仪测量周围剂量当量率，用α、β表面污染仪测量工作场所及工作人员体表的β表面污染；以热释光剂量法监测77名核医学工作人员的深部个人剂量当量H_p(10)，并查阅这77名核医学工作人员最近两年内的职业健康检测报告。结果 SPECT(/CT)工作场所内各检测点之间辐射水平具有统计学差异（F = 32.02，P < 0.05），其中给药窗口（护士操作位）的周围剂量当量率最高，为11.92～37.77 μSv/h，平均（19.19 ±8.78 ）μSv/h；PET/CT工作场所内各检测点之间辐射水平具有统计学差异（F = 56.72，P < 0.05），给药窗口（护士操作位）的周围剂量当量率为14.28～21.55 μSv/h，平均（16.55 ±3.87） μSv/h；16个核医学工作场所的β表面污染水平均符合标准要求，工作人员的工作服表面污染水平超过标准的有2个（占12.50%），工作人员手部皮肤表面污染水平超过标准的有8个（占50.00%）；77名核医学工作人员的外照射个人剂量水平为（1.11 ±0.65） mSv；77名放射工作人员均未发现有皮肤表观异常，但有12人（占15.58%）在对电离辐射较为敏感的组织器官存在一些异常，核医学接触时间＞20年的放射工作人员眼晶体异常和染色体异常的发生率与其他核医学接触时间组相比，未发现统计学差异。结论 本次调查的核医学工作场所放射防护情况良好，但工作人员的自身防护有待加强；核医学工作人员的职业健康管理还需引起进一步的重视。

Investigation and analysis on current situation of radiation protection in some nuclear medicine in Hebei Province

objective To master the present situation of radiation protection in some nuclear medicine workplaces and radiation workers in Hebei Province and to provide data support for strengthening radiological health supervision and developing standards related to nuclear medicine.Methods Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured by X and gamma radiation dosimeters for 16 nuclear medicine workplaces in Hebei Province, and beta surface contamination of workplaces and staff were measured by alpha and beta surface contaminators; The deep individual dose equivalent H_p(10) of 77 nuclear medical staff was monitored by thermoluminescence dose method, and occupational health test reports of the 77 nuclear medical staff were reviewed in the recent two years.Results There was statistical difference in the radiation level between all detection points in the SPECT(/CT) workplace (F = 32.02, P < 0.05), in which the ambient dose equivalent rates of the administration window (nurse operating position) was the highest. which was 11.92 to 37.77 μSv/h, with an average of (19.19 ±8.78) μSv/h; There was a statistical difference in radiation levels between detection points in the PET/CT workplace (F = 56.72, P < 0.05), in which the ambient dose equivalent rates of the administration window (nurse operating position) was 14.28 to 21.55 μSv/h, with an average of (16.55 ±3.87) μSv/h; In 16 nuclear medical workplaces, the average surface contamination level met the standard requirements. Two (12.50%) of the staff's work clothes and eight (50.00%) of their hands surface contamination level exceeded the standard in terms of surface contamination. The external exposure individual dose level of 77 nuclear medical staff was (1.11 ±0.65) mSv. None of the 77 radiation workers were found apparent skin abnormalities, but 12 (15.58 %) had some abnormalities in tissues and organs that were more sensitive to ionizing radiation. There were no significant differences found in the ocular lens abnormalities and chromosome abnormalities of the persons with exposure time of more than 20 years compared with other age groups.Conclusion Radiation protection in the nuclear medicine workplace under investigation was in good condition, but the staff's own protection needs to be strengthened; Further attention should be paid to the occupational health management of nuclear medical personnel.