传染病专科医院医务人员HIV职业暴露分析

目的 对传染病专科医院HIV职业暴露的原因、方式及危险程度进行评估,并探讨可能的防护方法.方法 对2005年1月-2010年12月15名职业暴露的医务人员的暴露原因、方式、危险程度及防护方法进行分析.结果 暴露人员分布:艾滋病房10名、妇产科1名、检验科两名、手术室1名、门诊1名；暴露人员:护士9名占60.0％,是职业暴露的高位人群；医师3名占20.0％,检验员两名占13.3％,清洁工1名占6.7％；暴露方式:11名为锐器伤占73.3％；暴露评定:1名为二级暴露,8名为一级暴露；6名为低危险性暴露；暴露检测:14名暴露人员在3～6个月后HIV抗体检测均阴性,1名见习生因经受不了精神压力暴露后第2天辞职离院.结论 加强对传染病专科医院高危人群的职业防护及暴露后的规范处理、合理预防用药等,可有效防范职业暴露及暴露后感染.

Occupational exposure to HIV of medical personnel in infectious disease specialist hospital

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the causes,ways,and risk of occupational exposure to HIV in infectious disease specialist hospital,so as to find out the feasible protection measures.METHODS A total of 15 medical staff were enrolled in this study,the causes,ways,the risk of occupational exposure,and the protection were analyzed in Jan 2005-Dec 2010.RESULTS Distribution of the exposures:10 cases in AIDS unit,1 case in department of obstetrics and gynecology,2 cases in clinical laboratory,1 case in operating room,and 1 case in outpatient department;the exposures to the personnel:9 cases were the nurses,accounting for 60.0%,who were the high risk group;3 were the doctors,accounting for 20.0%,2 were inspectors,accounting for 13.3%,1 was cleaner,accounting for 6.67%;the ways to the exposures:11 were by sharp instrument injuries,accounting for 73.3%;the assessment of the exposures:1 was second class of exposure,8 were the first class of exposure;6 were at low risk of exposure;the exposure test:14 were negative for the HIV antibody detection after the exposure for 3-6 months,and 1 intern resigned the next day due to the excessive psychological pressure.CONCLUSION To strengthen the occupational protection of the population at high risk of exposures in infectious disease specialist hospital,adopting standardized treatment,and reasonably useing antibiotics can effectively prevent the occupational exposure and infection.