医务人员职业暴露的危险因素分析与对策

目的了解医务人员职业暴露的危险因素和预防措施。方法对110名职业暴露的医务人员进行调查，对其职业、暴露过程、暴露物品、处理、追踪等进行分析。结果职业暴露发生率从高到低依次为护士52．73％、医生35．45％、工人6．36％；发生针刺伤62．73％，各种液体污染20．00％，玻璃伤4．55％，手术刀割伤2．73％，其他器械4．55％；暴露原因为治疗护理时占40．00％，手术及配合时占31．82％，处理器械用物时占18．18％；所有职业暴露者均作妥善处理，暂未发现因职业暴露而感染血源性传播性疾病。结论加强对医务人员职业暴露的知识培训，增强医务人员的个人防护意识，是减少医务人员职业暴露的关键。

Risk Factors of Professional Exposure among Medical Staff:Analysis and Preventive Strategies

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of professional exposure among medical staff and explore the preventive strategies. METHODS The influence of factors including profession, exposure process, exposed materials, treatment process, and follow-up among 110 medical staff with professional exposure was analyzed. RESULTS The general incidence of professional exposure was 52.73%, 35.45% and 6.36% for clinical doctors, nures, and workers, respectively. Among all exposure cases, we found the incidence was 62.73% for pricking wound, 20% for various liquid contamination, 4.55% for glass injury, 2.73% for scalpel cutting, and 4.55% for other instrument related damage. The reasons leading to exposure were treatment and nursing care, surgery assistance, and instrument and materials manipulation, which accounted for 40%, 31.82%, and 18. 18% of total incidence, respectively. All of the exposure cases had been properly treated. None of the investigated cases had been found illed with blood derived transmitted disease caused by professional exposure. CONCLUSIONS It is criticalto intensify the training of medical staff for the knowledge of professional exposure and to improve their personal protective awareness, so that the incidence of professional exposure could be reduced.