我国178所医院住院患者横断面抗菌药物使用率调查

目的 了解我国医院感染现患率和横断面抗菌药物使用情况。方法 对178所医院2001年6月27日零时－24时所有住院患者的抗菌药物使用进行调查。结果 178所医院住院患者抗菌药物横断面使用率为56.93%，25百分位数的医院达51.43%，最高达97.33%；联合用药比例达40.68%；300－900以上床位不同规模医院抗菌药物使用相近，教学医院与非教学医院相近；床位＜300张的医院使用明显增高，达64.57%；在所在住院患者中，33.87%使用1种抗菌药物，23.03%患者使用≥2种抗菌药物，3.5%的患者使用≥3种抗菌药物；在所有使用抗菌药物的患者中，60％为单用1种抗菌药物，40％为联合使用≥2种抗菌药物。不同科室中，以儿科抗菌药物使用率最高，无论是儿科新生儿组还是非新生儿组，抗菌药物使用率均＞83％，次为综合ICU与内科呼吸组，分别达82.39%和81.14%；外科（肿瘤科除外）、妇产科、五官科抗菌药物使用率均较高（60％－70％），且在这些科室抗菌药物联合使用比例也较高。结论 我国医院抗菌药物横断面使用率较高，需要加强抗菌药物临床应用的管理。

Antibiotic Usage in Inpatients from 178 Non-teaching Hospitals in China: Survey and Analysis

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyse the antibiotic usage in hospitals of China. METHODS Percentage of antibiotic usage and nosocomial infections as investigated in all patients from 178 non teaching hospitals, on the day of July 27, 2001. RESULTS Total of 10 1991 inpatients was surveyed, accounted for 97.8% of all inpatients. Percent of antibiotic usage was 56.93%, in twenty five percent of hospitals it was 51.43%, top percent was 97 33%; more than 40.48% patients used more than one antibiotic. Percent of antibiotic usage was similar between teaching hospitals and non teaching ones. In all patients used antibiotics, 60% used one antibiotic and 40% used more than one. In different departments, pediatrics has the highest percent of antibiotic usage (more than 83%), ICU and respiratory unit also have higher percent of antibiotic usage,82.39% and 81.14%, respectively, also have higher rate of combined usage. CONCLUSIONS Inpatients in Chinese hospitals have higher percent of antibiotic usage and higher percent of combined usage of antibiotics, it is necessary for Chinese hospitals to strengthen the management of clinical antibiotic usage in inpatients.