职业紧张对心理健康的影响

目的探讨工作需求和工作控制水平对心理健康的影响以及工作需求与控制间的交互作用效应.方法采用修订的工作需求-控制量表和职业紧张反应测量工具对93名男性铁路货运编组站调度员进行测试,应用单应变量多因素方差分析、非参数统计方法--Kruskal-Wallis H法和Modian法、逐步回归分析对数据进行统计分析.结果非参数统计结果表明,决定自由度各组间心理卫生评分差异有显著性(平均秩次55.57,47.95,48.42,33.50,P＜0.05),工作时间需求各组间心理卫生评分(37.45,40.01,58.35)、抑郁症评分(36.45,42.25,53.61)、每日紧张感评分(33.00,44.96,56.12)、工作满意感评分(53.18,46.91,32.43)的差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).方差分析结果表明,工作时间需求和决定自由度对身心抱怨(R2=0.24)、焦虑症(R2=0.26)和白天疲劳(R2=0.28)三个应变量存在着有明显意义的交互作用(P＜0.05).逐步回归分析表明,工作时间需求和工作负荷需求对应变量的决定系数(R2)大多大于0.05,且工作时间需求的决定系数(R2)大于工作负荷需求.工作时间需求和决定自由度的乘积变量进入了身心抱怨、焦虑和白天疲劳评分的预测方程,且乘积变量的决定系数(R2)几乎均在0.05以上.结论工作时间需求和决定自由度对部分心理性紧张反应存在着明显的影响,时间需求越大,心理性紧张反应越大,工作时间需求的作用大于决定自由度,二者对部分紧张反应结局变量有交互作用效应.

Effect of occupational stress on mental health

Objective To study the effect of job psychological demands and job control on mental health and their interaction. Methods 93 male freight train dispatchers were evaluated by using revised Job Demand-Control Scale and 7 strain scales.Stepwise regression analysis,Univariate ANOVA,Kruskal-Wallis H and Modian methods were used in statistic analysis. Results Kruskal-Wallis H and Modian methods analysis revealed the difference in mental health scores among groups of decision latitude (mean rank 55.57,47.95,48.42,33.50,P< 0.05),the differences in scores of mental health(37.45,40.01,58.35),job satisfaction(53.18,46.91,32.43),daily life strains(33.00,44.96,56.12) and depression(36.45,42.25,53.61) among groups of job time demands(P<0.05) were all statistically significant.ANOVA showed that job time demands and decision latitude had interaction effects on physical complains(R2=0.24),state-anxiety(R2=0.26),and daytime fatigue(R2=0.28)(P<0.05).Regression analysis revealed a significant job time demands and job decision latitude interaction effect as well as significant main effects of the some independent variables on different job strains(R2>0.05). Conclusion Job time demands and job decision latitude have direct and interactive effects on psychosomatic health,the more time demands,the more psychological strains,the effect of job time demands is greater than that of job decision latitude.