淮北矿区煤矿工尘肺发病及现况的调查

目的　探讨煤矿工尘肺发病年龄、接尘工龄、晋期年限、尘肺合并结核状况及影响尘肺预后的有关因素。方法　对淮北矿区40年来确诊的4421例尘肺患者(死亡1011例、现患3410例)的基本状况及发病、晋期、合并肺结核、死亡原因等资料建立数据库，按全国尘肺流行病学调查设计方案进行现况调查。结果　(1)淮北矿区40年来，Ⅰ期尘肺患者平均接尘时间为(22.40±2.08)年，平均发病年龄为(47.31±2.96)岁。尘肺种类以煤工尘肺(2780例)最多，占62.9%；矽肺(1590例)居第二位，占36.0%。(2)尘肺平均晋期年限Ⅰ期→Ⅱ期8.02年；Ⅱ期→Ⅲ期8.65年。(3)尘肺合并结核703例，占尘肺总例数的15.9%(703/4421)。尘肺结核的病死率(44.4%)远较单纯尘肺的(18.8%)为高。(4)尘肺前三位死因分别是肺结核、肺癌、肺心病。结论　随作业条件的改善，尘肺患者的平均发病年龄逐年增高、发病工龄逐年延长。尘肺并发症严重影响尘肺患者的身体健康。

Cohort approach of 4 421 cases with pneumoconiosis in Huaibei coalmine

Objective　To study the morbidity age when t he patients got pneumoconiosis,duration of exposure to dust,time of different st ages of pneumoconiosis developed,state of pneumoconiotuberculosis and the releva nt factors affecting prognosis. Methods　4 421 patients with pneumoconiosis over 40 years in Huaibei coalmine were inves tigated.Patients' database according to national pneumoconiosis epidemiology sur vey method was established. Results　(1) The average exposure time in stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis patients was (22.40±2.08) years,average morbidity age was (47.31±2.96) years.Coalmine worker pneumoconiosis was the most common and silicosis the next(62.9% and 36.0% respectively).(2) Average time of development from Ⅰ→Ⅱ was 8.02 years,and Ⅱ →Ⅲ 8.65 years.(3)There were 703 patients with pneumoconiotuberculosis,accounte d 15.9% of all,and its death rate(44.4%) was far more higher than that of simple pneumoconiosis(18.8%,P<0.01).(4)Pulmonary tuberculosis,lung cancer and cor pulmonale were the three principal causes of death. Conclusion　As the working condition has been improved,the average morbidity age increased a nd the duration from dust exposure to development of silicosis prolonged year by year.The complications of pneumoconiosis still seriously damage the patients' h ealth.