氟乙酰胺对大鼠心肌细胞的影响及乙酰胺解毒效果观察

目的　观察氟乙酰胺对大鼠心肌细胞的影响及乙酰胺解毒效果。方法　将 4组SD大鼠分别给予不同剂量的氟乙酰胺 (经口灌胃 ) ,其中 2组给予治疗剂量的乙酰胺 (腹腔注射 )。观察各组中毒后不同阶段心肌细胞和心肌酶 [天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶 (CK MB)、α 羟丁酸脱氢酶 (HBDH) ]的变化。结果　氟乙酰胺高剂量组 (8mg/kg)染毒后 2 4h ,AST、CK、HBDH升高 ,分别为 (5 89.5 8± 82 1.72 )、(916 .78± 343.5 5 )、(5 0 4 .4 7±14 8.88)U/L ,与对照组 [分别为 (187.70± 4 6 .87)、(75 5 .6 5± 4 98.90 )、(347.2 5± 2 2 8.4 0 )U/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;心肌细胞变性、溶解坏死和炎症细胞浸润 ,雄性大鼠 3d内全部死亡。染毒后 5d ,氟乙酰胺低剂量组 (4mg/kg)的LDH[(14 86 .5 8± 6 2 9.80 )U/L]、HBDH[(5 14 .83± 2 0 1.78)U/L]明显升高 ,与对照组 [分别为 (84 1.17± 2 18.86 )、(337.2 5± 6 2 .0 7)U/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。染毒后 10d各实验组心肌酶的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;病理检查仍可见一定程度的间质纤维细胞增生。给予乙酰胺 (10 0mg/kg)后可减轻病理改变的程度。结论　急性氟乙酰胺中毒可引起心肌细胞可逆

Effect of fluoroacetamide on cardiomyocytes of rat and the antidotal effect of acetamide

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of fluoroacetamide on cardiomyocytes of rat and the antidotal effect of acetamide. METHODS: 4 groups of SD rats were treated with various dosages of fluoroacetamid(p.o.) and 2 groups of them were treated with acetamide(i.p.). The changes of cardiomyocytes and serum AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB and HBDH were measured at different intervals after poisoning. RESULTS: In the group treated with fluoroacetamid 8 mg/kg. bw, serum AST[(589.58 +/- 821.72) U/L], CK[(916.78 +/- 343.55) U/L], HBDH[(504.47 +/- 148.88) U/L] raised obviously compared with control[(187.70 +/- 46.87), (755.65 +/- 498.90), (347.25 +/- 228.40) U/L respectively] (P < 0.01), and the pathological findings such as degeneration, liquefactive necrosis and filtration of inflammatory cells in cardiac muscles were observed 24 hours later, while all the male dead within 3 days. In the group treated with fluoroacetamid 4 mg/kg. bw, serum LDH and HBDH rose significantly compared with control(P < 0.01) 5 day later. On the day of 10, myocardial enzymes restored in all experiment groups with some interstitial fibroblastic proliferation. The pathological changes were reduced in the group treated with acetamide synchronously (100 mg/kg. bw). CONCLUSION: Acute intoxication of fluoroacetamide could damage cardiomyocytes while acetamide could reduce the injury of them, but the injury was reversible. The levels of serum myocardial enzymes could be a usable index for early diagnosis.