我国农药中毒的流行特点和农药中毒报告的现状

目的 介绍我国农药中毒报告的历程,阐述我国农药中毒的流行特点.方法 把1997至2003年每年应用《全国劳动卫生职业病信息管理系统》建立的全国农药中毒报告数据库逐年导入Excel,用其筛选法进行汇总统计,再使用SAS 6.12软件进行结果的统计学检验.结果 1997至2003年全国共报告农药中毒108 372例,其中生产性中毒、生活性中毒分别占总中毒例数的25.39%和74.61%,病死率为6.86%.中毒者平均年龄为36.83岁,15～59岁青壮年占84.11%;0～14岁组的生活性中毒病例中,有33.51%是0～4岁儿童;生产性中毒以男性为主,生活性中毒以女性为主;杀虫剂是引起农药中毒的主要类别,占86.02%,且以甲胺磷、对硫磷和氧乐果3种高毒类有机磷中毒为主.结论 目前我国农药中毒的严重性应引起全社会和从事公共卫生工作人员的高度关注.

The reporting system of acute pesticides poisoning and general situation of pesticides poisoning in China

Objective To introduce the reporting system of acute pesticides poisoning and analyze epidemiologic characteristics of pesticides poisoning from reported cases in China. Methods Case reports in the data base of reporting system for occupational diseases were computed by Excel for windows and statistical significance by SAS 6.12. Results A total of 108 372 cases were reported from 1997 to 2003 .Among them,the incidence of occupational poisoning, and non-occupational poisoning accounted for 25.39% , and 74.61% respectively. The fatality rate was 6.86% .The average age was 36.83 years for all pesticides poisoning patients,and 15-59 years old patients accounted for 84.11% . Among 0-14 years old non-occupational poisoning patients, 0-4 years children accounted for 33.51 % . Male patients were in the majority in occupational pesticides poisoning,female in non-occupational. Insecticides especially organophosphorus insecticides such as methamidophos, parathion, and omethoate comprised a higher proportion, accounting for 86.02 % of the pesticides poisoning. Conclusion More attention should be paied to pesticides poisoning by the government and medical workers engaged in public health.