HIV感染孕妇抑郁、焦虑状况及其影响因素研究

目的:了解感染人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)孕妇的抑郁、焦虑情绪现状,探讨其相关影响因素。方法:随机抽取云南省德宏州HIV感染较为集中的农村地区HIV感染孕妇作为样本,采用自编的人口学及社会心理情况调查问卷、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、大五人格简易问卷、医学应对问卷(MCMQ),对目标人群进行调查。结果:59.1%存在不同程度抑郁症状(27.3%轻度、25.0%中度、6.8%重度),44.2%存在不同程度焦虑症状(34.1%轻度、6.8%中度、2.3%重度)。总体看来,人口学、感染特征和妊娠特征与抑郁、焦虑相关性不显著。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,宗教事件对其抑郁、焦虑情绪具有正向预测作用(β=0.309、0.432)。神经质、宜人性能显著预测抑郁症状(β=0.536、-0.410),神经质正向预测焦虑症状(β=0.477)。感染HIV孕妇的社会支持度比较低,社会支持利用度能预测抑郁症状(β=-0.420),社会支持与焦虑症状之间无关联。屈服应对方式能预测焦虑症状(β=0.369),而应对方式与抑郁症状无关联。结论:感染HIV孕妇的情绪障碍较为严重,是多因素综合作用的结果,应引起社会关注。

A study on depression,anxiety and related factors in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Objective：To explore depression,anxiety and its relevant factors in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）.Methods：Women infected with HIV in high-incidence areas of Yunnan Province were selected as subjects.Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the demographic and psychosocial questionnaire,self-rating depression scale（SDS）,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,social support rating scale（SSRS）,simplified ＂Big Five＂ personality questionnaire,and medical coping modes questionnaire（MCMQ）.Results：A total of 59.1% of the infected women were involved in varying depressive symptoms（mild：27.3%,moderate：25.0%,severe：6.8%）,and 44.2% of the infected women had varying degrees of anxiety symptoms（mild：34.1%,moderate：6.8%,severe：2.3%）.Overall,the depression and anxiety had less correlation with the demography,infection characteristics and pregnancy-related characteristics.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the religious events were positive predicators of depression and anxiety（β= 0.309,0.432）.Neuroticism and agreeableness significantly predicted the depressive symptoms（β= 0.536,-0.410）,and neuroticism was a positive predicator of anxiety symptoms（β= 0.477）.Pregnant women infected with HIV had received low level of social support.The utilization of social support can significantly predict the depressive symptoms（β=-0.420）,but there was no correlation between the social support and the anxiety symptoms.Yielding coping style was a predicator of anxiety（β= 0.369）,while there was no correlation between the coping styles and the depression.Conclusion：The emotional disorder of pregnant women infected with HIV,resulting from comprehensive effects of multiple factors,was more serious,which should be taken attention by the society.