15岁以下儿童乙肝血清学检测与乙肝疫苗接种状况分析

目的了解儿童乙肝流行和乙肝疫苗接种状况，为制定或调整乙肝疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法按照两阶段抽样法，抽取8个行政村15岁以下儿童978人，采静脉血3～5ml，ELISA法检测HBVM。结果15岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率0．92％，与1991年15岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率10．12％比较，有显著性差异，乙肝疫苗接种保护率90．91％。15岁以下儿童HBsAb阳性率40．49％，地区、城乡和性别分布均衡，乙肝抗体水平有随着年龄增加而下降的趋势，但1～5岁组有低峰。15岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗调查接种率91．82％，报告接种率87．89％，地区差异均有显著性，两者各年龄组之间乙肝疫苗接种率均随年龄增大而降低。结论马鞍山16年乙肝防治效果非常显著，要继续开展新生儿乙肝免费接种，加强流动儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作。

Analysis on the state of Hepatitis B vaccine injection and Hepatitis B serology testing of children under the age of 15 in Maanshan City

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis B of the children and the situation of Hepatitis B vaccine injection in Maanshan city so as to provide the basis for the development of Hepatitis B vaccination strategy or adjustment in all of the people. Methods Two-stage sampling method was designed to survey 978 children under the age of 15 in 8 villages, with 3- 5 ml of venous blood brawn and HBVM detected by ELISA. Results HBsAg positive rate of the children under the age of 15 was 10.12 % in 1991 and, compared with the present rate at 0.92 %, there was a significant dif- ference. The protection rate of Hepatitis B vaccination was 90.91%. HBsAb positive rate of the children under the age of 15 was 40.49 %, and the distribution was balanced among regional, urban and rural areas. With the in crease in age, the trend of Hepatitis B antibody levels declined, but the 1-5 age group had lower peak. The survey rate of Hepatitis B vaccine injection of the children under the age of 15 was 91.82%, and the report rate was 87.89%. The regional difference for them was significant. With the in crease in age, the rate of Hepatitis B vaccine injection declined for the survey and the report in all of the children under the age of 15. Conclusions The effect of Hepatitis B Control for 16 years is very significant in the city. It is necessary to administer charge-free Hepatitis B vaccination for the newborns and to strengthen the Hepatitis B vaccination in flowing children.