陕西省人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解陕西省人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（HBV）感染现状,评价接种乙肝疫苗（HepB）15年后人群血清流行病学变动情况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取1～59岁人群2 224人进行问卷调查并采集血标本,用ELISA方法检测HBV血清学标志。结果调查人群HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc标化阳性率分别为3.50%、48.51%、24.45%,HBV标化感染率为37.58%。HepB接种率为50.09%,接种人群HBsAg阳性率（1.62%）及HBV感染率（8.80%）低于未接种人群（4.05%、50.00%）。15岁以下儿童HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率低于15岁以上人群,而抗-HBs阳性率、HepB接种率高于15岁以上人群。HBsAg阳性率、HBV感染率较1992年流行病学调查结果分别下降54.78%、31.86%,抗-HBs阳性率上升60.79%。HBV感染率农村（33.33%）高于城市（24.17%）,HepB接种率城市（88.61%）高于农村（75.96%）。结论陕西省实施HepB接种15年后,HBsAg阳性率、HBV感染率均有不同程度下降,15岁以下儿童下降更为明显。

Seroepidemiological study on hepatitis B in Shaanxi Province

Objective To describe the epidemic status of hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection in Shaanxi Province and to evaluate seroepidemiological changes 15 years later after vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） in people.Methods A multistage randomized sampling method was used.2 224 persons were sampled to develop seroepidemiological survey,serological biomarkers to hepatitis B virus were tested through ELISA.Results Standardized positive rates of HBsAg,HBsAb,HBcAb and HBV infection rate in population were 3.50%,48.51%,24.45% and 37.58% respectively.The vaccination rate of HepB was 50.09%,the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV infection among people who had received HepB were lower than those who had not.The positive rates of HBsAg,HBcAb and HBV infection of children under 15 years were lower than those above 15 years old,the rate of HBsAb and vaccination rate of HepB were higher than those above 15 years old.The positive rates of HBsAg and HBV infection decreased by 54.78%,31.86% and the rate of HBsAb raised by 60.79% compared with the data in 1992.The infection rates of HBV in rural were higher than urban areas and the vaccination rate of HepB in urban was higher than rural areas.Conclusions Since the introduction of HepB,the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV infection in population had declined,especially in children under 15 years.