桂林市伤寒副伤寒发生的气象及地质因素研究

目的研究桂林地区气象及地质因素对伤寒副伤寒发病的影响,为预防和控制伤寒副伤寒的流行提供科学依据。方法收集、汇总桂林市辖区12县1991-2005年伤寒副伤寒的发病资料及气温、降雨量等气象资料,收集伤寒副伤寒年平均发病率最高的2个县和最低的2个县共46个乡镇地质因素资料,应用SPSS10.0统计软件进行气象和地质因素对伤寒副伤寒发病的影响分析。结果桂林市伤寒副伤寒发病地区间差异有统计学意义,年平均发病率最高的县达到69.0/10万,最低的县为7.3/10万。伤寒副伤寒多年月平均发病率与多年月平均气温呈正相关,与多年月平均降雨量无统计学相关。Logistic单因素分析显示,岩溶分布中的岩溶区、岩性条件中的碳酸盐岩、碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩、饮用水类型中的岩溶水、地下水类型中的裸露型岩溶水-裂隙溶洞水等5个地质因素与伤寒副伤寒发病相关。多因素分析显示,对伤寒副伤寒发病影响作用大小的地质因素依次是：岩溶区分布〉地下水类型〉岩性条件〉饮用水类型。岩溶分布为岩溶区、地下水类型为碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水、岩性条件为碳酸盐岩、饮用水类型为岩溶水的乡镇其伤寒副伤寒发病等级显著高于其对应的其他地质因素类型。结论气温与伤寒副伤寒发病率相关;岩溶区分布是影响桂林市伤寒副伤寒发病最重要的地质因素;岩溶区、碳酸盐岩岩性地质类型、裸露型岩溶水地下水类型、岩溶饮用水类型为影响伤寒副伤寒发病的地质因素。

Effect of meteorological and geological factors on epidemic of typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever in Guilin

Objective To investigate the relations between meteorological/geological factors and typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, to provide the scientific evidence for prevention. Methods Incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and meteorological factors in Guilin City from 1991 to 2005 were collected. The data of geological factors of 46 villages and towns from two higher typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occurrence counties and two lower occurrence counties were collected. The results were analyzed with SPSS 10.0. Results The regional disparity of the incidences of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever was prominent, with annual mean incidence of 69.0/100 000 in the highest occurrence county and 7.3/100 000 in the lowest occurrence county. The annual mean temperature was positively correlated to typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever morbidity, annual mean rainfall was not correlated to typhoid paratyphoid fever morbidity. Muttifactor Logistic regression analysis showed the function of impact on high morbidity of typhoid fever was as follows, the karst area＇ s distribution 〉 kroundwater type 〉rock condition 〉 drinking water type. The incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever of the carbonate rock, uncovering groundwater type in karst region, drinking water in karst region was higher than that of other geological factors type, respectively. Conclusions Temperature was correlated to typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever morbidity. The karst region distribution was the most important factor which influenced the typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. The karst region distribution, carbonate rock, uncovering groundwater type in karst region and drinking water in karst region were important factors which affected the incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guilin City.