乙肝疫苗免疫人群乙肝病毒感染和发病状况研究

目的了解上海市儿童乙肝疫苗免疫后乙肝病毒感染和发病情况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2000年和2006年共计抽取1 904份接种人群血液标本,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc。结果新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率和及时率均保持较高水平。20岁以下人群乙肝发病率明显下降;HBsAg携带率降幅为78.34%。儿童乙肝患者中84.35%（124/147）未接种过乙肝疫苗;23例接种乙肝疫苗但患病的儿童中,12例患儿的母亲或父亲HB-sAg阳性。结论儿童接种乙肝疫苗是预防和降低乙肝感染的有效措施。需加强母（父）婴阻断和家庭内传播机制的研究。

Study on hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis B vaccine immunized population

Objective To investigate hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection among hepatitis B（HB） vaccine immunized children in Shanghai.Methods We used multi-stage random sampling method to select 1 904 serum samples in 2000 and 2006.We detected HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc with ELISA method.Results Recently vaccinated rate and in-time rate of neonatal HB vaccine immunization in Shanghai remained at higher level.HB incidence of population less than 20 years old has greatly declined.The decreased range of positive rate was 78.34 percent.Among hepatitis B patients,84.35 percent of children had not been immunized HB vaccine.Among 23 immunized children who still suffered from HBV,12 patients＇ mother or father carried HBV.Conclusions HB vaccine immunization was effective strategy to prevent and control HB infection.We should enhance study about maternal（paternal） and child block and family spread mechanism.