女性老年人认知障碍与死亡风险的相关性研究

目的 研究女性老年人认知障碍与其死亡风险之间的关系。方法 利用2002-2011年中国老年健康长寿跟踪调查数据，运用Cox回归模型，以是否认知障碍为因变量，调整基线人口学特征（年龄、性别、居住地、民族、婚姻和教育程度）和健康变量（日常生活能力、高血压、中风和糖尿病，以及乐观和快活），分析女性老年人认知障碍与死亡风险的关系。结果 认知障碍组死亡风险是非认知障碍组的2.22倍（HR=2.22，95%CI:2.08~2.37，P<0.001）；在校正混杂因素后，认知障碍仍然与高死亡风险相关联（HR=1.14，95%CI:1.05~1.22，P=0.001）），农村女性认知障碍与高死亡风险无统计学意义（HR=1.09，95%CI:0.99~1.20，P=0.075），城镇女性认知障碍仍然与高死亡风险相关（HR=1.21，95%CI:1.08~1.36，P=0.001）。结论 女性老年人认知障碍与高死亡风险相关，且具有城乡差异。通过干预影响认知障碍发生发展的因素，能够在一定程度上提高我国老年人的健康寿命和生活质量。

Study on the correlation between cognitive impairment and mortality risk in Chinese elderly women

Objective To explore the correlation between cognitive impairment and mortality risk in Chinese elderly women. Methods Based on data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2002-2011), Cox proportional Hazard Model was used to analyze the correlation between cognitive impairment and mortality risk, taking cognitive impairment as dependent variable, adjusting demographic variables (age, sex, residence, ethnic, marriage and education) and healthy variables (activity of daily living, hypertension, stroke and diabetes, as well as optimism and happiness). Results The mortality risk of cognition impaired group was 2.22 times that of control group (HR=2.22, 95% CI:2.08-2.37, P<0.001). After adjusting confounding factors, cognitive impairment was still related with high mortality risk among the whole sample (HR=1.14, 95% CI:1.05-1.22, P=0.001). There was a sex difference in rural areas. The correlation still existed among urban women (HR=1.21, 95% CI:1.08-1.36, P=0.001), the relation among rural women was not significant (HR=1.09, 95% CI:0.99-1.20,P=0.075). Conclusions Cognitive impairment is associated with high mortality risk in elderly women, and has a rural-urban difference. Intervening factors influencing the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment can play an important part in reducing mortality risk of the elderly and improving their health and quality of life.