安徽省某地区农村独居老年人主观幸福感及影响因素研究

目的 了解安徽省某地区农村独居老年人主观幸福感（subjective well-being，SWB）现状及影响因素，为提升老年人SWB提供理论依据。方法 整群抽取安徽省某地区的679名农村独居老人，采用纽芬兰纪念大学主观幸福感量表和社会支持评定量表及自编一般情况调查表进行调查。结果 679名农村独居老年人的SWB平均得分为（32.05±10.87）分，总体上处于中等水平。多重线性回归分析显示，独居老年SWB受到月收入、慢性病、体育锻炼和社会支持的影响。月收入为500～1 500元（β=3.243，95%CI:0.824～5.663）、月收入>1 500元为（β=2.940，95%CI:2.010～7.890）、体育锻炼（β=2.254，95%CI:0.610～3.898）、主观支持（β=1.314，95%CI:1.029～1.600）和支持利用度（β=0.486，95%CI:0.082～0.890）与SWB正相关，慢性病（β=-3.586，95%CI:-5.852～-1.321）和客观支持（β=-0.387，95%CI:-0.734～-0.039）与SWB负相关。结论 农村独居老年人SWB受到多种因素影响，应采取针对以上影响因素的措施来提升SWB。

A study on the subjective well-being and its influencing factors of rural elderly living alone in one area of Anhui Province

Objective To understand the current situation of subjective well-being (SWB) and its influencing factors of rural elderly living alone in one area of Anhui Province and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the subjective well-being of the elderly. Methods A total of 679 rural elderly living alone in one area of Anhui Province were selected by cluster sampling. They were surveyed by the memorial university of newfoundland scale of happiness, social support rating scale and a self-designed general questionnaire. Results The average score of SWB of 679 rural elderly living alone was (32.05±10.87) points, which was at the middle level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the SWB of rural elderly living alone was affected by monthly income, chronic diseases, physical exercise and social support. Monthly income was between 500 and 1 500 yuan (β=3.243, 95% CI:0.824-5.663), monthly income was more than 1 500 yuan (β=2.940, 95% CI:2.010-7.890), physical exercise (β=2.254, 95% CI:0.610-3.898), subjective support (β=1.314, 95% CI:1.029-1.600) and utilization of support (β=0.486, 95% CI:0.082-0.890) were positively associated with SWB. While chronic diseases (β=-3.586, 95% CI:-5.852——1.321) and objective support (β=-0.387,95% CI:-0.734——0.039) were negatively associated with SWB. Conclusions SWB of rural elderly living alone is affected by many factors. Special measures should be taken to improve the SWB.