孕早期不良饮食因素与抑郁的关联性

  目的  探究孕早期妇女不良饮食因素与抑郁的关系。  方法  对7 976名参与中国孕产妇队列研究协和项目并在2017年7月25日-2018年7月24日纳入的孕早期妇女进行研究；采用χ2检验描述两组的基线分布差异；在孕早期分别采用定性食物频率测量法和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表测量妇女的饮食摄入频率和抑郁状况；采用Log-binomial回归分析饮食与抑郁的关联性，计算现患比（prevalence ratio，PR）及其95%可信区间（95% confidence interval，95% CI）。  结果  Log-binomial回归结果显示，孕早期饮食规律（PR=0.45，95% CI:0.38~0.54，P < 0.001）、经常吃早餐（PR=0.80，95% CI:0.72~0.90，P < 0.001）的孕妇有较低的抑郁发生风险；而妊娠早期经常食用油炸食品（PR=1.25，95% CI:1.03~1.53，P=0.027）、西式快餐（PR=1.36，95% CI:1.06~1.74，P=0.015）、膨化食品（PR=1.37，95% CI:1.11~1.70，P=0.003），经常饮用含糖饮料（PR=1.37，95% CI:1.17~1.61，P < 0.001）和葡萄酒（PR=1.60，95% CI:1.26~2.01，P < 0.001）、饮用白酒（PR=1.26，95% CI:1.00~1.59，P=0.047）的孕妇则有较高的抑郁发生风险。  结论  孕早期不良饮食因素与抑郁存在关联性，孕妇应主动了解健康饮食方式，减少不健康饮食的摄入频率，以减少妊娠期间抑郁的发生。

Association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy

  Objective  To explore the association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy.  Methods  7 976 women in early pregnancy were recruited and analyzed in this study from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) from July 25th, 2017 to July 24th, 2018. Differences of baseline characteristics between the two groups were conducted by a chi-square test. The qualitative food frequency questionnaire and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale were used to assess depression status and food intake frequency during the first trimester respectively. Log-binomial regression was used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated.  Results  Eating regularly (PR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.38-0.54, P < 0.001) and eating breakfast frequently (PR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90, P < 0.001) were related to the low incidence of depression while frequent consumption of fried food (PR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.53, P=0.027), Western-style fast food (PR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74, P=0.015) and puffed food (PR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70, P=0.003) as well as drinking sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61, P < 0.001), wine (PR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.26-2.01, P < 0.001) and liqueur (PR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.00-1.59, P=0.047) were linked with the high incidence of depression.  Conclusions  There might be an association between unhealthy diets and depression in early pregnancy. Pregnant women should take the initiative to better understand what are healthy diets and reduce the frequency of unhealthy diets consumption to decrease the incidence of depression during pregnancy.