学龄前儿童多动行为与父母D型人格及家庭环境的关系

  目的  探讨学龄前儿童的多动行为与父母D型人格及家庭环境的关系。  方法  以深圳市龙华区2016-2017年小班儿童及父母为调查对象，应用多重线性回归分析父母D型人格、家庭环境与多动行为的关联，应用中介分析评价家庭环境在父母D型人格与儿童多动行为关联中的中介作用。  结果  父母D型人格与家庭环境的矛盾性(母亲:β=0.687；父亲:β=0.694)、儿童的多动行为水平(母亲:β=0.164；父亲:β=0.130)呈正关联，而与家庭环境的亲密度(母亲:β=-0.654；父亲:β=-0.665)、知识性(母亲:β=-0.537；父亲:β=-0.394)、组织性(母亲:β=-0.589；父亲:β=-0.459)呈负关联。儿童多动行为水平与家庭环境的亲密度(β=-0.010)、知识性(β=-0.033)、组织性(β=-0.022)与呈负关联，而与家庭环境的矛盾性(β=0.034)呈正关联。家庭环境的亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、组织性在父母D型人格与儿童多动行为关联中起部分中介作用，中介效应百分比介于4.88%~20.00%。  结论  父母D型人格可增加学龄前儿童多动行为发生的风险，其中部分是通过营造不同家庭环境对儿童多动行为产生作用。

Associations between preschool children's hyperactive behaviors,parents' type D personality and family environment

  Objective  To explore the associations with children's hyperactive behaviors and parental type D personality (TDP) and family environment.  Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children from LongHua District of Shenzhen in China during 2016-2017. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the associations with children's hyperactive behaviors, parental TDP and family environment. Mediation analysis was applied to explore the mediating role of family environment on the associations between parental TDP and children's hyperactive behaviors.  Results  Parental TDP was positively associated with the conflict dimension (maternal: β=0.687; paternal: β=0.694) and children's hyperactive behaviors (maternal: β=0.164; paternal: β=0.130), while it was negatively correlated with the cohesion (maternal: β=-0.654; paternal: β=-0.665), intellectual-cultural orientation (maternal: β=-0.537; paternal: β=-0.394) and organization (maternal: β=-0.589; paternal: β=-0.459) in family context. Children's hyperactive behaviors were negatively associated with the cohesion (β=-0.010), intellectual-cultural orientation (β=-0.033), organization (β=-0.022) in family context, but positively related to the conflict dimension (β=0.034). The cohesion, conflict dimension, intellectual-cultural orientation and organization of family environment partially mediated the relationship between parental TDP and children's hyperactive behaviors, with the proportion of mediation effect from 4.88 to 20.00%.  Conclusion  Maternal and paternal TDP can increase hyperactive behaviors among children, which partially through creating different family environment.