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中国地方性砷中毒分布调查(总报告)
引用本文:金银龙,梁超轲,何公理,曹静祥,马凤,王汉章,应波,吉荣娣.中国地方性砷中毒分布调查(总报告)[J].卫生研究,2003,32(6):519-540.
作者姓名:金银龙  梁超轲  何公理  曹静祥  马凤  王汉章  应波  吉荣娣
作者单位:中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京,100050
基金项目:国家科技部社会公益研究专项基金项目 (No .2 30 6 0 1 0 2 )
摘    要:为查清我国地方性砷中毒的基本分布 ,指导和推进我国的地方性砷中毒的防治工作 ,采用环境流行病学调查方法 ,包括回顾性环境流行病学调查 ,重点病区调查和面上抽样调查 ,搜集掌握病情资料。采用环境化学标准方法与质量控制分析环境砷水平 ,回顾性调查中利用己有的环境砷资料 ,重点调查与面上抽样现况调查中检测环境砷含量。最后对二者结果进行计算机统计分析。饮水型地方性砷中毒分布于 8省市区 ,40个县旗市 ,受影响人口 2 3 4 3 2 3 8人 ,其中饮水砷 >0 .0 5mg L高砷暴露人口 52 2 566人 ,查出砷中毒 782 1人。内蒙、山西仍为我国饮水型地方性砷中毒重病区 ,新疆乌苏市的生产建设兵团与乌苏中的大部分高砷地区集中改水 ,病情减轻。内蒙、山西的一些乡村集中改水降砷效果较好。新确认吉林、宁夏各 1县饮水型地方性砷中毒 ,其中以吉林省病区为典型。新发现山西 11县市、内蒙 1旗、吉林 1市、宁夏 1县、青海 1县和安徽 2县市的饮水型地方性砷中毒。新发现北京顺义区仍有饮水高砷暴露乡镇。未发现其它省、市、自治区有饮水高砷暴露地区。确认辽宁省曾报道的饮水高砷点现已消除 ;浙江桐乡市已有的饮水高砷地区现已降至饮水砷卫生标准以下 ;并发现北京市顺义区天竺乡天竺村连续 2 0余年的饮水高砷井自然转变?

关 键 词:饮水型地方性砷中毒  燃煤型地方性砷中毒  地方性砷中毒分布  饮水砷水平  燃煤砷水平  防治措施
文章编号:1000-8020(2003)06-0519-22
修稿时间:2003年2月25日

Study on distribution of endemic arsenism in China
Jin Yinlong,Liang Chaoke,He Gongli,Cao Jingxiang,et al..Study on distribution of endemic arsenism in China[J].Journal of Hygiene Research,2003,32(6):519-540.
Authors:Jin Yinlong  Liang Chaoke  He Gongli  Cao Jingxiang  
Institution:Institute for Environment Hygiene and Health Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Abstract:Drinking water and burning coal endemic arsenism as a severe disease i s confirmed by National Ministry of Health in China in 1992. It is not uniform s urvey of the disease for the whole country from its report in 1980 in xijiang. T herefore National Ministry of Scientific and Technology in China supports to stu dy on distribution of endemic arsenism in 21 provinces in China, so that it can know the basic distribution of endemic arsenism in China, and the data results w ill be a guide for the disease prevention and control.The project used environmental epidemiology study including retrospective epidem iology, present situation survey of the disease in severe areas and sampling inv estigation in unknown areas, collecting data of exposure population and arsenism cases. At the same time, the data of arsenic level in environment were collecte d, and environment samples were analyzed by standard chemical method. The both d ata were statistical analysis by access database and SAS procedure in computer.Through the study, it achieves the expected aim that grasps spreading distributi on of drinking water arsenism and burning coal arsenism, including arsenic level in water, coal, food and air, as well as patient's condition of the disease at macroscopic. Drinking water endemic arsenism distributed in 8 provinces, 40 counties, affecti ng 2 343 238 peoples, among 522566 peoples expositing to the drinking water arse nic higher than 0 05mg/L, and 7821 arsenism patients were diagnosed. Burning co al endemic arsenism spreads in 2 provinces, 8 counties, affecting 333905 peoples , 48438 peoples exposing to high arsenic of burning coal pollution, and 2402 peo ples causing chronic arsenic poisoning by coal burning. Drinking water endemic arsenism: Nemeng, Shanxi is a severe drinking water en demic region also. Wusu city in Xinjiang is old arsenism area, which reformed dr inking water to decrease arsenic, so chronic arsenic poisoning condition decreas ing. Reforming drinking water measures to decrees arsenic were performed in some areas of Neimeng and Shanxi. On other hand, 1 county of Jilin and 1 county of N ingxia as drinking water arsenism areas were affirmed. 11 counties of Shanyi, 1 Banner of Nemeng, 1 city of Jilin, 1 county of Qinhai and 1 counties of Anhui pr ovince were discovered for new drinking water arsenism areas in this survey. Shu nyi district of Beijing has high arsenic in drinking water. Otherwise, high arse nic content in drinking water in some areas decreased to lower than 0.05 mg/L, w hich including some villages of Liaoning province, Tongxing city of Zhejiang pro vince, and Tianzhu village of Shunyi district in Beijing.Blackfoot disease related to high arsenic in drinking water in Taiwan provin ce does not include in this study. Burning coal endemic arsenism: Guizhou province has a typical burning coal arsen ism areas in China and world. Although to reform stove and decreasing arsenic po llution, but the chronic arsenic poising from domestic coal combustion exists, b ecause it located high seal level and poor areas. Some new burning coal arsenism areas in Shanxi province were found, which produced air pollution and food poll ution of arsenic from domestic coal combustion for cooking and heating.The paper summarizes the arsenic distribution levels in drinking water and in en vironment of burning coal. At the same time, preventive and control measures of endemic arsenism were provided.
Keywords:drinking water arsenism  burning coal arsenis m  distribution of endemic arsenism  arsenic in drinking water  arsenic in domes tic coal  preventive measure
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