北京、广州城乡人群工作时体力活动现状及其10年间变化情况

目的描述中国南北城乡人群工作时间体力活动现状及过去10年的变化趋势。方法整群随机抽取北京城市、北京农村、广州城市和广州农村4组人群3304人,采用标准化问卷、收集工作时间体力活动及10年间变化资料,计算每个人日常工作时间单位体重的能量消耗(kJ/kg)。结果中国南北城乡人群工作时间体力活动处于较低水平,极轻和轻体力工作者占总人数的59.4%,工作时间体力活动强度呈现男性高于女性、南方高于北方、农村高于城市的特点。与10年前相比,工作时间体力活动强度降低、不变和增加者分别为48.8%、38.0%和13.2%,降低者比例呈现农村高于城市、男性高于女性、随年龄增加而增加、随文化水平降低而增加的特征。结论中国南北城乡人群工作时间体力活动较低及过去10年降低的趋势提示中国需要增加公共健康投资,包括制定策略和公众教育。

Physical activity status of working time and its change over a ten-year period in Beijing and Guangzhou populations

OBJECTIVE: To describe the current status of physical activity of working time and its changes in the past ten years in certain Chinese populations. METHODS: 3304 participants were randomly selected in clusters (villages, residential households, or working organizations) from 4 approximately equally sized sub-samples, an urban and a rural district in Beijing and an urban and a rural district in Guangzhou. Physical activities of working time and its changes in the past ten years were collected by a standard questionnaire. The energy expenditures per kilogram body weight (unit: kJ/kg) in one normal working day for each individual were calculated. RESULTS: The physical activity levels were relatively low and the rates of very mild and mild physical activities were 59.4% in these four Chinese populations. Intensities of physical activities at working time were greater in men than those in women, and in southern than those in northern, and in rural than those in urban in China. As a whole, 48.8%, 38.0% and 13.2% of our study participants reported that physical activities of their working time could decrease, could unchange, and could increase respectively over the ten years period before the survey. The rates of decreases were greater in rural than those of urban, and greater in men than those of women, increased with age, and decreased with educational levels. CONCLUSION: Low physical activity at working time and its declining trends in these Chinese populations should require public health investments, including strategic planning and public education.